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| Costa Rica Expertise Ltd http://crexpertise.com E-mail info@crexpertise.com Tel:506-256-8585 Fax:506-256-7575 |
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Calle 9 citizens
must
see Barrio Chino plans By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The municipality is obligated to provide information to citizens before it starts its Chinese boulevard project on Calle 9, said the Sala IV constitutional court. The municipality has plans for Chinese restaurants, chinese stores and Chinese culture in the so-called Bulevar Barrio Chino. The Sala IV said that before the municipality begins work along the stretch officials must develop an environmental impact study and provide those living in the area the chance to see the project and to comment on it. The Secretaría Técnica Nacional Ambiental was designated at the agency to do the environmental study. A resident with the last name of Carlutti presented the appeal to the court, said the Poder Judicial. The man said that the project would damage his business on Calle 9 at Avenida 14. The municipality had plans to develop the area during the middle of this year. Carlutti told the magistrates that closing the street would hurt his business. Four linked to fishing slaves let go unconditionally By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The Puntarenas prosecutor's tale of servitude on fishing boats failed to impress a judge, and the four persons who were detained over the weekend were set free with no conditions. The Fiscalía Adjunta Contra el Crimen Organizado said it will present an appeal to the decision by the Tribunal Penal de Puntarenas. When the arrests were made, investigators said the case was one of human slavery. Involved are 14 Vietnamese, 13 Indonesians, five Filipinos, two Taiwanese and a citizen of China. The four suspects were detained Saturday at a private dock. Agents also raided several homes nearby. Increases proposed in fees for U.S. passports By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The U.S. State Department is seeking public comments on its plan to raise the price of U.S. passports. Under the proposal that was published in the Federal Register, first-time passports for someone over 16 years would be $135. Renewal would be $110. Passports now are $75, and renewals are the same price. The passport for an adult is good for 10 years. The State Department also will begin charging $82 for additional visa pages. This used to be a free service. "Passport application fees enable us to keep up with technology and implement fraud prevention initiatives to protect the United States passport." the State Department said. "The security features of the U.S. passport book have received high praise from document security specialists the world over. Investing in new technology to prevent passport fraud is one of our key priorities, and an ongoing initiative." The agency issues about 15 million passports a year. Gas stations to be studied By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The Sala IV has ordered the environmental ministry's service station agency to check up on the nation's gas stations. A Hatillo resident complained that the Ministerio de Salud agrees that many service stations do not comply with the existing laws.
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| El Niño unlikely to affect rainy season, scientist
says |
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By Dennis Rogers
Special to A.M. Costa Rica The “El Niño” temperature phenomenon present in Pacific offshore waters since June 2009 is drawing to a close, according to Carlos Brenes of the oceanography department at the Universidad Nacional. This Niño shouldn’t have an effect on the 2010 rainy season, a relief from the dry conditions that caused problems for cattle ranchers and rice growers in 2009. Recent forest fires in Guanacaste are also related to those climate conditions, Brenes said. The event officially started in June 2009 when ocean surface temperatures went a half degree above average, and peaked at about two degrees above average, appropriately in late December. “El Niño” refers to the Christ child as often conditions are most noted at the end of the year by fishermen on the Peruvian coast. The model projects that temperatures will return to average levels sometime in June and will remain in the neutral zone for a while. When temperatures drop more than half a degree below normal it is then referred to as “La Niña.” Brenes said that is not anticipated any time soon. Data comes from the U.S. National Oceanic and |
Atmospheric
Administration satellites. These use infrared sensors to measure water
surface temperature. The images produced are best known from when a
hurricane is in movement across the Atlantic. Conditions near Costa Rica are a tiny part of what is referred to in scientific and forecasting circles as “El Niño-Southern Oscillation,” where changes in winds and upwelling affect the whole of the tropical Pacific. It can have substantial effects on the world climate. What data refers to as “Niño 3.4” is actually the area of the equatorial Pacific between 170º-120º West longitude, a vast area of ocean where the only land is the island country of Kiribati on the western edge. Niños 1 and 2 are along the coast of South America and the Galapagos islands. This Niño has been blamed for the drought conditions on the Pacific side of Costa Rica and further north in Central America. With the return to more normal surface water conditions, the Instituto Meterológico Nacional is predicting a somewhat wetter than normal 2010, especially on the Pacific coast and Central Valley. At its highest the temperatures off Costa Rica were about two degrees above average. That corresponds to about 31º in absolute terms, said Brenes. In March there was still a small area of 30 degree water near the coast of Costa Rica and Panamá. |
 Surface temperature changes over the
course of El Niño phenomenon
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| El Niño can disrupt the nation's major fishing fleets |
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Special to A.M. Costa Rica
El Niño conditions can have a strong effect on the fishing industry along Central America’s Pacific coast. Some of the more valuable species are able to migrate while the fishing fleet is not. In general, warm sea water is not as productive as cold since nutrients tend to concentrate lower. Phytoplankton, at the very bottom of the marine food chain, are less active, and the resulting disruptions reach those large predatory species such as tuna and sharks at the top. According to Carlos Brenes of the Universidad Nacional, very little is known about the distribution of fish species at sea even under normal conditions. Industrial boats can search more widely looking for tuna but at a high cost in fuel and transit times. Some years, Costa Rican boats are caught fishing in the Galapagos marine park. Marlin are displaced in much the same manner but sport-fishing boats are able to adjust somewhat. Along the Pacific coast, especially in the northern winter, conditions are not consistent either, and the fish can take advantage of that to some extent. Research by Brenes has shown that winds from the north cross the isthmus at the |
three places where there are little
or no mountains, namely Panama,
Nicaragua, and the isthmus of Tehuantepec in southern Mexico. This
pushes water offshore and forces an upwelling of nutrient-rich cold
water. Most local fishing boats are not able to range far from their home ports, so El Niño waters can be a disaster. The main species made unavailable are pelagic deep-water species like sharks, tuna, and some species of shrimp, said Brenes. Estuarine species like corvina can be pushed into deeper water. Even mollusks such as oysters are vulnerable to disease where conditions are unfavorable. Niño years are usually accompanied by strong northeast winds which can provoke waves that further interfere with fishing from small boats. Brenes’ research shows a tendency for fish catches to fall during Niño years and rise when waters are colder in La Niña conditions. Cross-referencing data provided by the national fisheries institute shows valuable shrimp catches especially affected. Bad times not only put local fishermen out of work, but can do major damage to infrastructure and distribution networks that can take considerable time to rebuild even when fishing conditions improve. |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Tuesday, April 13, 2010, Vol. 10, No. 71 | |||||||||
| Shroud of Turin goes on display for six
weeks in Italy |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
The Shroud of Turin went on display Saturday in the cathedral of the northern Italian city of Turin. It will be displayed for six weeks during which time two million people are expected to see the mysterious cloth some believe is the burial wrapping of Jesus. The first to see the Shroud of Turin Saturday morning were city authorities and then journalists. A Mass will be held later in the day and then the exhibit will be declared open to the public. Hundreds of thousands of people have already made their reservations to come and see the linen, that believers think was the burial cloth of Jesus. Among those who went in Saturday was Emanuela Marinelli, a shroud expert who has written numerous books on the shroud. "I believe more and more that the shroud is really the burial cloth of Jesus, so for me it's important to see again this important relic, to stay in front of it for one moment to say a prayer because I am convinced that the shroud is authentic, not for reasons of faith but for scientific reasons," she said. Pilgrims and tourists from all over the world will be coming to Turin to see the shroud, which was restored in 2002. Thirty patches and a fabric backing sewn by nuns |
onto the
shroud after a fire in the 16th
century have been removed. Still there are plenty of skeptics who say that the Shroud of Turin is a fake. They say carbon dating by three separate laboratories in 1988 — in Britain, Switzerland and the United States — dated it to the Middle Ages. But Ms. Marinelli says she has no doubt about the image that has special significance to her. "For me the shroud is something to have continuously the memory of the presence of Jesus and the presence of the shroud in my life is also the presence of Jesus in my life," she said. To this day, no one has yet been able to prove how the image on the shroud was formed. Because of the huge interest for the shroud, visitors will only get three minutes to view the mysterious cloth, which is being displayed in a bulletproof, climate controlled glass case in Turin cathedral. Pope Benedict will visit on May 2. Some researchers say that the shroud was created by dipping the linen in silver salt and then exposing the fabric in a room-size camera obscura. A recent television show attributed the cretion of the shroud to Leonardo DaVinci. |
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| Mechanism killing coral explained in math model By the Cornell University news service
Cornell University researchers have found a new tool to help marine biologists better grasp the processes under the sea: They have created mathematical models to unveil the bacterial community dynamics behind afflictions that bleach and kill coral. Warming waters are triggering coral bleaching and disease in the Caribbean, Indian Ocean and Great Barrier Reef off the Australian coast. Now new mathematical models explain for the first time how beneficial bacteria on coral suddenly give way to pathogens when waters warm. “Before this study, we just had observations but little understanding of the mechanism” for what causes coral disease and bleaching, said Laura Jones, Cornell senior research associate in ecology and evolutionary biology. Justin Mao-Jones who conducted the research as an undergraduate in the School of Operations Research and Information Engineering, is the paper’s lead author. The model reveals how a healthy normal microbial community in the coral surface mucus layer protects corals from disease by preventing invasion and overgrowth by pathogenic bacteria. But when corals are stressed, for example by elevated temperatures (a heat spell), the community of microbes suddenly switches. Species associated with a healthy coral organism — “resident species” — decline as pathogens associated with coral disease take their place. The researchers used models to simulate bacterial community dynamics within the surface coral mucus, under normal conditions, and under the warming conditions that lead to a sudden shift from beneficial bacteria to pathogens on the coral’s surface. “There’s a critical threshold where the system jumps to a pathogen-dominated state,” said Jones. They also found that the models replicated a pattern others have observed: Once the disease-causing microbes establish themselves, they persist even if the water cools down enough to favor the beneficial bacteria. The coral is then often too damaged to recover, and the reefs begin to die. Preventing oceans from warming will require people to curb climate change, and may be unavoidable in the short term, said Jones. But reducing poor water quality, which stresses the coral and makes the oceans more hospitable to pathogens, could perhaps ward off the sudden shift to pathogens dominating the coral surface, she added.
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Latin American news Please reload page if feed does not appear promptly |
Chávez
extends control on country's electricity By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez has extended electricity rationing for another 60 days in hopes that seasonal rains will help refill the low water levels at the country's hydroelectric dams. Chávez declared an electricity emergency in February in the oil-rich nation, saying the country was facing the worst drought in a century. The hydroelectric sector provides more than 60 percent of Venezuela's electricity. Last month, Venezuelan officials announced a 24-hour electrical power cutoff for 80 firms because they failed to reduce their power usage as directed in the emergency decree.  Ministerio de Gobernación,
Policía
y Seguridad Pública photo This was the marijuana plants in Dota
Neighbors informed
on pot farmer in Dota By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Fuerza Pública officers say that a neighbor turned in a resident in Santa María de Dota who was trying to be a marijuana farmer. Agents found 196 plants of various sizes on the patio of the home. The resident has planted marijuana around a small water source, said agents. The owner of the property now has a date with agents. |
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The best captains
advertise here By the A.M. Costa Rica ad staff
Costa Rica is a fisherman's dream. Pacific, Caribbean, even big lakes and streams. But the dream can become a nightmare if all a visitor relies on are promises on some Web page. A.M. Costa Rica is committed to present Costa Rica's quality captains and their boats. We accept advertising only from fully registered and insured sports boats that also are listed with the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo. These are quality professionals who will give the visiting sportsman full value and thrilling catches. The Pacific can be tricky with underpowered boats and inattentive captains. The Caribbean can be a maze for the inexperienced. Even Lake Arenal has an unpleasant side sometimes. So we want our visitors to be safe and having a great time. The sportsfishing operators on this page want the same thing. Visitors are well advised to stick with our advertisers for the experience of a lifetime with no regrets. |
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