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San
José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Nov. 11, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 223
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 PeerJ/Jennifer E.
Smith
This is an example of a
nearly pristine and healthy reef system.Scientists
create beauty program for coral
By the PeerJ News staff
Almost every person has an appreciation for natural
environments. In addition, most people find healthy or pristine
locations with high biodiversity more beautiful and aesthetically
pleasing than environmentally degraded locations. In a study which
computed aesthetics as it relates to coral reefs, a multidisciplinary
group of researchers have shown that an objective computational
analysis of photographic images can be used to assess the health of a
coral reef.Since antiquity, philosophers and art historians around the world have searched for universally valid criteria for aesthetic principles, in other words, a way to quantitatively describe things like beauty and ugliness. The development of a powerful new computational approach will now allow for a more comprehensive assessment of what people find aesthetically pleasing. Working together, mathematics, biology, and art history researchers from San Diego State University, the Getty Research Institute, and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography created a tool to computationally measure the aesthetic appearance of coral reefs. The results demonstrate that objective visual cues generated from random photographic images can be used to reliably assess both the beauty and health of coral reefs around the world. The collaborators compiled and modified a list of 109 visual features that can be used to assess the aesthetic appeal of an image, such as the relative size, color, and distribution of discernible objects within the image, as well as texture and color intensity. They then created a computer program capable of assessing these features in images and used it to analyze more than 2,000 random photographic images of coral reefs from around the world. The program produced an aesthetic score for each reef ecosystem. The study, “Can we measure beauty? Computational evaluation of coral reef aesthetics,” was published Tuesday in the scientific open access journal PeerJ. The findings show striking similarities between the aesthetic score produced for random reef images and the health of the respective reef ecosystem as evaluated by reef scientists. “Our results suggest that our perception of aesthetics is well-aligned with healthy, thriving ecosystems,” said Andreas Haas, a postdoctoral scholar and primary researcher of the study. She is from San Diego. The authors have also created a Web site (http://www.sensiphi.com) using the techniques developed in this article. Anyone can upload an image to this site and get an aesthetic score back. Illegal migrant smuggling network raided By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Costa Rican law enforcement in conjunction with agencies from other countries say they have broken up a migrant smuggling ring. This was an organization responsible for bringing many foreigners through Costa Rica and into Nicaragua for a final destination in the United States, said the Poder Judicial. Agents made eight raids Tuesday morning and detained 12 persons, including the administrator of a San José hotel. The raids are the logical consequence to the interception of a number of groups of illegal migrants, including Cubans, Africans and Asians. Investigators said that the migrants paid from $7,000 to $30,000 for transportation. The rate depended in part on the origin of the individual. They also paid up to $400 for housing in Costa Rica, agents said. During the raids, agents said they detained 14 Cubans who were about to leave Costa Rica and 12 Nicaraguans who were headed into Costa Rica. One of the raids involved a property on the border with Nicaragua. Investigators said that illegal migrants passed through there after having been picked up at the Panamá border. The arrests in Costa Rica were one part of the migrant transport ring operating through out South and Central America, said investigators. Law enforcement from Colombia and the United States participated, said investigators here. Candle blamed in Barrio Cristo Rey fire By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Fire fighters blame a candle for a blaze that tore through three homes in Barrio Cristo Rey early Tuesday afternoon. They said that the candle had been burning in a washroom in one of the homes. And in Guadalupe, Goicoechea, flames gutted an Artelec appliance store Monday night. Fire fighters said that the power cord for a fan appears to have caused the fire that swept through the showroom of the store. U.S. Embassy plans Tamarindo outreach By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
U.S. Embassy consular staffers will be visiting Tamarindo Tuesday from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. at the Best Western Tamarindo Vista Villas. They will be renewing passports and providing notary services. They also will accept applications for replacement Social Security cards and will have informational material on federal benefits for veterans, dependents, and survivors, they said. The staff is seeking reservations at ACSSanJose@state.gov. Curiously, the announcement said that embassy staffers cannot accept U.S. dollars but must be paid in colons. The price for a passport is 59,900 colons and notary service is 27,200 colons per acknowledgement. |
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A.M. Costa Rica Third News Page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Nov. 11, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 223 | |
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| Rail institute wants $6.6 million for electrification
feasibility study |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The executive branch wants the legislature to authorize a 3.5 billion colon feasibility study of a proposed electric valley train. That's about $6.6 million. The cost of the study is far less than the job itself, which is being estimated at $120 million. That amount would turn the current diesel-powered service into electricity from Alajuela to Curridabat along with a spur for Juan Santamaría airport. The figures are contained in what is called an extraordinary budget presented to the Comisión Permanente de Asuntos Hacendarios. Such budget add ons are routine. In addition, Guillermo Santana, executive president of the Instituto Costarricense de Ferrocarriles, said the agency needs about $1 million for current maintenance of the lines that are now in service. One feasibility study was done this year by students from a French university. The study was done with the approval of the Municipalidad de Alajuela, the airport concession holder Aeris, and the rail institute. The French university is Universidad Sciences Po Rennes. Professors at Tecnológico de Costa Rica supervised. The study suggests a spur line from a location in Alajuela to the airport. The plan suggests that the line might be in service by 2030. |
 This is a Wikipedia Common image of an electric train similar to those proposed by the central government. The central government already has said it wants to electrify the rail lines from the Estación de Atlántico in San José and Alajuela next year. That has been described as a $120 million job, about the same as the estimate given Tuesday but not including the line to Curridabat. The entire project is estimated to cost $1.4 billion with rail lines running to San Ramón and Orotina. |
| Ancient music and instruments are the topics at a roundtable
today |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Museum curators plan a roundtable discussion this afternoon on pre-Columbian music and the implications of three simultaneous exhibitions at their three museums. The curators are Priscilla Molina of the Museos del Banco Central, Virginia Novoa of the Museo del Jade and Cleria Ruiz of Museo Nacional. Admission to the 3 p.m. discussion is free. This is the final session that has been part of the Paseo del los Museos program designed to address ancient music and also to popularize the museums. The proximity of the three museums has created a promotional slogan to tell visitors that they can walk to all three. |
The Museo
Nacional exhibit "Música y ritos en Bahía Garza"
was one of
three that featured ancient music. The Garza exhibit was a display of instruments found at a cemetery in that Pacific coast community. The Garza site is called Rempujo, and Juan Vicente Guerrero and his team did the excavations in 2009. So many ocarinas were found that the place has been called the cemetery of musicians. In addition to ocarinas, also discovered were whistles, jade pendants, war and ceremonial maces and axes, according to Guerrero’s academic report. Museum officials said they hope to repeat this type of program in 2016. |
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| A.M. Costa Rica's Fourth News page | |||||
| San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Nov. 11, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 223 | |||||
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| Study says that California elementary texts ambivalent on
climate change |
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By the Southern Methodist University news
staff
If American teens are unsure about climate change or its cause, some school textbooks aren’t helping, says teaching expert Diego Román, Southern Methodist University, co-author of a new study on the subject. Studies estimate that only 3 percent of scientists who are experts in climate analysis disagree about the causes of climate change. But the most recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the evidence of 600 climate researchers in 32 countries reporting changes to Earth’s atmosphere, ice and seas, in 2013 stated “human influence on the climate system is clear.” Yet only 54 percent of American teens believe climate change is happening, 43 percent don’t believe it’s caused by humans, and 57 percent aren’t concerned about it. The new study measured how four sixth-grade science textbooks adopted for use in California frame the subject of global warming. Sixth grade is the first time California state standards indicate students will encounter climate change in their formal science curriculum. The researchers examined different textbooks, each published in either 2007 or 2008 by a different major publisher. They found and analyzed 279 clauses containing 2,770 words discussing climate change. |
“We found
that climate change is presented as a controversial debate
stemming from differing opinions,” said Román, an assistant
professor
in the Department of Teaching and Learning. “Climate skeptics and
climate deniers are given equal time and treated with equal weight as
scientists and scientific facts, even though scientists who refute
global warming total a miniscule number.” The message communicated in the four textbooks was that climate change is possibly happening, that humans may or may not be causing it, and its unclear if humans need to take immediate mitigating action, the researchers found. That representation matches the public discourse around global warming, in which previous studies have shown that media characterize climate change as unsettled science with high levels of scientific uncertainty. The researchers said only 33 percent of the U.S. public believes climate change is a serious threat. The textbooks misrepresented, however, actual scientific discourse, which asserts climate change is an environmental problem bearing immense risk, where the human impact is clear, and where immediate action is warranted, the authors said. “The primary purpose of science education is to represent the science accurately, but this analysis of textbooks shows this not to be the case for climate science,” they said. |
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A.M. Costa Rica's Fifth news page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Nov. 11, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 223 | |||||||
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| Reporters seek to determine woman's family ties to Putin By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
The Kremlin and top Russian officials have denied a Reuters report that identifies a 29-year-old woman running publicly funded projects connected to Moscow State University as President Vladimir Putin's younger daughter. The report, published Tuesday, said Katerina Tikhonova was emerging as a woman of influence in the next generation of Moscow’s elite. "After unconfirmed media speculation about Katerina’s identity, a senior Russian figure told Reuters that she uses the surname Tikhonova," the news agency wrote. "Andrey Akimov, deputy chairman of Russian lender Gazprombank, said he had met Katerina when she was little and more recently, and that Tikhonova was Putin’s daughter." The news agency reported that two senior academic sources, one at Moscow State University and a scientist with close contacts there, also confirmed that Ms. Tikhonova is Putin’s daughter. Within hours of the report's publication, Gazprombank's Akimov was quoted as denying that he made those comments to Reuters. The Reuters investigation identified Ms. Tikhonova's spouse as Kirill Shamalov, son of Nikolai Shamalov, a longtime friend of the Russian president and a shareholder in Bank Rossiya, which the U.S. Treasury Department has identified as the personal bank for officials of the Russian Federation. The news agency said that when it asked the Kremlin whether Ms. Tikhonova is the daughter of Putin and married to Kirill Shamalov, among other questions, it was told by presidential press secretary Dmitry Peskov that the Kremlin has "no information whatsoever" about her family connections, personal life or "involvement in particular projects." The Reuters piece also refers to Putin’s elder daughter, Maria, saying she "has kept out of the spotlight even more than her sister," and that it "was unable to find any recent, confirmed photographs" of her. According to the news agency, Ms. Tikhonova is in charge of three initiatives connected to the university: the National Intellectual Development Foundation, the National Intellectual Reserve Center and Innopraktika, which sponsors and supports young scientists. Among Innopraktika's trustees are major Russian power brokers, including Sergei Chemezov, the head of the state-owned technology corporation Rostec, and Igor Sechin, head of the state oil company Rosneft. Both of them, like Putin, were officials in the Soviet Union's KGB intelligence service. Gazprombank's Akimov also is an Innopraktika trustee, but the Reuters investigation quoted him as saying the bank decided to support Moscow State University projects irrespective of any family connections. Later Tuesday, Gazprombank's press service said Akimov "with surprise and astonishment read the information of the respected news agency Reuters, which attributed to him the statement that the head of Innopraktika, Ms. Tikhonova, is allegedly the daughter of the president of the Russian Federation." "Mr. Akimov did not make such statements and was very surprised that the journalists of such a reputable publication allowed not just a distortion of what was said, but a direct manipulation." The bank's press service added that neither Innopraktika's trustees nor other employees of Gazprombank have any information about Ms. Tikhonova's family ties. After the piece was published Tuesday, Russia's Tass state news agency quoted the presidential press secretary, Peskov, as telling journalists: "I can refute the information that was stated by Reuters, because Reuters indicated that Akimov said that such and such a citizen is the daughter of Putin. This is something I can refute, based on his rebuttal." Peskov added: "As for ... who the daughters of Putin are, I can't tell you, because I do not have such information and should not have it. It's not part of my official duties." Shoving student journalist sparks Missouri controversy By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
A video showing a student journalist's clash with University of Missouri protesters who tried to block his access in a public section of campus is fanning debate about freedom of the press and heaping scorn on a communications professor who seemingly encouraged protesters. The video, by University of Missouri student photographer Mark Schierbecker Monday, was shot Monday, shortly after the university system's president and the Columbia campus' chancellor stepped down over what protesters saw as indifference to racial tensions at the school. Student protests, led by a group called Concerned Student 1950 in a reference to the year the university first admitted black students, were behind the ouster of the leaders. Once that was achieved, the protesters seemed to turn their anger on media. The University of Missouri School of Journalism on the Columbia campus boasts a nationally respected journalism program. The video shows protesters arguing with fellow Missouri student Tim Tai, who was covering the event as a freelance photographer for ESPN, and pushing him away after Tai tells them he has a right to cover the event. Student protesters had created a tent village on a public area of the campus, and Tai is heard on the video telling them, “the First Amendment protects your right to be here and mine,” referring to a constitutional guarantee of the freedom of speech. Students respond by chanting, “Hey hey, ho ho, reporters have got to go," urged on at one point by a woman later identified as a faculty member, a mass communications assistant professor, Melissa Click. During the confrontation, Tai is repeatedly pushed by the protesters, who later form a human chain and push Tai and other reporters from the student protest area. Professor Click can be heard early in the video saying, “You need to back up if you are with the media." About 6 minutes 20 seconds into the video, Professor Click tells video photographer Schierbecker he has to go, and then tries to recruit muscle to remove him. She is shown on the video openly cheering student protesters who block media access to the area. By Monday Professor Click had blocked public views of her Twitter account. But just days earlier, she had posted on her Facebook page an appeal for media coverage of the student protests. She didn't respond to messages seeking comment Tuesday. By Tuesday afternoon, the journalism school dean, David Kurpius, had tweeted that Professor Click was not a member of the journalism school. In a letter posted on the journalism school's Web site, Kurpius said the school is proud of the way Tai "handled himself during a protest on Carnahan Quad on the University of Missouri campus. ... The news media have First Amendment rights to cover public events. Tai handled himself professionally and with poise." He also said, "for clarification," Professor Click "is not a faculty member in the Missouri School of Journalism. She is a member of the MU Department of Communication in the College of Arts and Science. In that capacity she holds a courtesy appointment with the School of Journalism. Journalism School faculty members are taking immediate action to review that appointment." Reporter Tai tweeted Tuesday that some of the students in the video who are seen chanting and pushing him had received death threats, which he called unacceptable and sickening. "I don't have any ill will toward the people in the video. I think they had good intentions though I'm not sure why it resorted to shoving," Tai tweeted early Tuesday. "My personal intention has never been to vilify the people in the video and I'm not sure why anyone thought it was OK to send them threats." He also voiced frustration at becoming part of the story, tweeting, "I'm a little perturbed at being part of the story, so maybe let's focus some more reporting on systemic racism in higher ed institutions." Republicans seem to agree on changes in tax code By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
The top Republican presidential candidates said Tuesday they would reform the country's tax code and not raise the minimum wage. They gathered in the north-central city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, for a debate focusing on the economy. Billionaire Donald Trump said taxes and wages already are too high, making it difficult for the United States to compete with the world. In a new poll released before the debate, Trump was virtually tied with neurosurgeon Ben Carson, who said every rise in the minimum wage comes with a corresponding rise in the number of people without jobs, particularly in the black community. Florida Sen. Marco Rubio advocated tax and regulation reforms and an increased focus on education in order to raise wages for millions of people. Eight Republicans participated in the party's fourth debate, based on a minimum standing of at least 2.5 percent in the latest public opinion polls. On immigration, Trump said the U.S. has no choice but to deport those illegally in the country. "We are a country of laws," Trump said. "We need borders. We will have a wall. The wall will be built. The wall will be successful, and if you think walls don't work, ask Israel." Texas Sen. Ted Cruz said it is possible for the U.S. to embrace legal immigration while also enforcing the rule of law, and that every sovereign nation secures its borders. But others in the field disagreed, led by Ohio Gov. John Kasich, who said any plan to deport the 11 million illegal immigrants currently in the U.S. is silly. He advocated a system in which those who are law abiding can pay a penalty to stay. Former Florida governor Jeb Bush said deporting illegal immigrants would tear families apart, advocated allowing people to earn legal status over time. The most heated exchanges in the debate came as Kentucky Sen. Rand Paul questioned Rubio on the defense budget, saying it was not possible to be a conservative while being liberal on military spending. "I know the world is a safer and better place when America is the strongest military power in the world," Rubio shot back. Trump said the U.S. needs to make its military bigger, better and stronger than ever before. He also supported all of the Republican tax plans over what he called the mess in place now. The candidates proposed reforming the way Americans pay taxes with most of the plans involving systems where everyone pays the same tax rate. Cruz wants to shut down the Internal Revenue Service and the departments of Commerce, Energy, and Housing and Urban Development. His plan would also tax only imports and not exports. Trump expressed support for Russia's military actions in Syria while questioning the aid being sent to moderate rebels. He said the U.S. cannot be the world's police. Bush, who along with Kasich and businesswoman Carly Fiorina called for a no-fly zone in Syria, said America needs to be a leader and that it is tragic Iraq and others are talking to Russia. "We are not going to be the world's police, but we sure as heck better be the world's leader," Bush said. Fiorina called for rebuilding missile defense systems in Poland, carrying out military exercises in the Baltic and adding thousands more troops in Germany to send a message to Russian President Vladimir Putin that the U.S. stands with its allies. White supremacist given death in killing spree By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
A judge in Kansas on Tuesday sentenced a self-proclaimed white supremacist to death for killing three people outside two Jewish centers last year. Frazier Glenn Cross, 74, also known as Frazier Glenn Miller, Jr., said he was happy with his punishment and gave a Nazi salute when he was sentenced. The judge ordered him tossed out of the courtroom. A jury recommended the death penalty for Cross for gunning down a man and his 14-year-old grandson outside the Jewish community center in the city of Overland Park. Moments later, he shot and killed a woman outside a nearby Jewish retirement home. The same jury had convicted Cross of one count of capital murder, three counts of attempted murder, and assault and weapons charges in connection with the April 2014 shootings. None of the victims was Jewish, but Cross said he thought they were. Cross acted as his own attorney and put up no defense. He said he wanted to kill Jews and that his only regret was that he shot three non-Jews by mistake. The relatives of the victims were allowed to speak at Tuesday's sentencing, saying they came to court to make sure "the voice of evil is silenced permanently." Congress moves to prevent action on Guantanamo By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Days before the Obama administration is expected to issue a long-awaited plan to close the U.S. detention facility at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, the Republican-led Congress ruled out a key provision for such a plan to go forward. The Senate Tuesday gave Congress’ final approval of the National Defense Authorization Act, which, as in previous legislation, stipulates that Guantanamo terror suspects may not be moved to U.S. soil for incarceration. White House spokesman Josh Earnest called the provision an unfortunate perpetuation of the status quo, but added it does not alter the administration’s efforts to craft a plan to close the facility. Even some of the president’s closest allies on Capitol Hill see the defense act as an impediment to the White House’s goal. “It places restrictions,” Sen. Ben Cardin, the top Democrat on the Foreign Relations Committee, said. “It’s going to be difficult to figure out how to deal with the remaining inmates.” Seven years after Barack Obama first won the presidency promising to close the Guantanamo camp, his administration has reportedly scouted out America’s highest-security prisons to house several dozen detainees deemed too dangerous to release. “There’s a lot of concern by members of the Senate about making that move,” said Sen. Orrin Hatch, a Republican. “I’ve been down to Guantanamo,” Sen. Ron Johnson, another Republican, said. “It’s a first-class facility. Where else are we going to house these individuals that are dedicated to doing great harm to our nation?” Erected after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, the Guantanamo camp’s population has dwindled from nearly 800 to just over 100 today. The administration and many Democratic lawmakers argue the facility damages America’s international reputation and serves as a recruiting tool for terror groups. They reject arguments that detainees, housed in maximum security prisons, would pose any security threat within the United States. Obama is expected to sign the defense act into law even as his administration prepares to release its plan to close Guantanamo, setting the stage for another battle pitting executive authority against that of the legislature. “The language in the NDAA is prohibitive,” Sen. Dianne Feinstein, a Democrat, conceded; but, she added that Obama could announce his intention to disregard the language on Guantanamo, even while signing the overall bill. “Prior presidents have done this kind of thing in hundreds of bills,” Sen. Feinstein added. Some argue that it was an executive order by former president George W. Bush that created the Guantanamo Bay facility, and that an executive order by Obama could shut it down but only if detainees are transferred elsewhere. “There is no path that’s acceptable from a security perspective to fully closing Guantanamo without at some point moving some detainees to U.S. soil,” Sen. Chris Coons, a Democrat, said. |
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| A.M. Costa Rica's sixth news page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Nov. 11, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 223 | |||||||||
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U.S. to
appeal immigration ruling
By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
The U.S. Justice Department said Tuesday it is appealing a court ruling that blocked President Barack Obama's plan to shield as many as five million people living in the country illegally from being deported. The country's top law enforcement agency said it disagrees with a 2-to-1 appeals court decision Monday against an immigration policy executive order Obama issued nearly a year ago and will ask the U.S. Supreme Court to overturn the ruling. Obama administration officials said they hope the country's top court will consider the case in a few months and issue a ruling by the end of its current term in June, just months before Obama's White House term expires in early 2017. Obama's executive order is controversial in U.S. political circles, with conservative Republican lawmakers saying it is an overreach on his authority and an attempt to bypass Congress, which has been unable to reach agreement on changing U.S. immigration policies. The opponents call it amnesty for law-breaking with millions of people entering the country without proper documentation. Immigration advocates favor the Obama order, believing it to be a humane policy. They say it would ensure that many families who entered the country illegally but since have established their lives in the U.S. over several years would not have to fear they would be deported. The Obama order is patterned after his 2012 program that postponed the deportation of hundreds of thousands of immigrants who entered the U.S. as children. Obama's executive order covers another 4.3 million people, allowing the undocumented parents of U.S. citizens to get work permits and stay in the country, provided they have lived in the United States for five years and not committed any crimes other than entering the country illegally. Estimates of illegal immigrants in the United States range from 11 to 35 million. The U.S. has been deporting about 300,000 to 400,000 of them a year for a variety of reasons, including if they have been convicted of a crime. The case against the Obama order was brought by 26 states, all led by Republican governors. Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton, one of the officials seeking to block the Obama order, said the appellate court ruling "has secured an important victory to put a halt to the president's lawlessness." Foreign planes given landing approval By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Lawmakers have approved overflights and landings on unarmed military aircraft from Perú, the United States, Canada, Argentina. Colombia and México. The government of Perú sought permission for the landing of a Cessna 172 Skyhawk flying from Kansas to Perú Saturday. The United States will be able to land a C-17 cargo craft for the benefit of the U.S. Embassy here Friday through Sunday. The United States also received permission for a variety of aircraft that are engaged in interdicting drug shipments. Canada also received permission to land planes involved in anti-drug operations, and Argentina received permission to land a Lear jet that will be going to the United States for an inspection. |
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| From Page 7: Bids sought for two new prisons By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The justice ministry said Tuesday that it seeks construction firms to build two new prisons. One will be in Pococi and the other in San Rafael de Alajuela. The Ministerio de Justicia y Paz was responding to criticism over its plans to release convicts who had not completed their assigned terms. The ministry said that bids would be received until Nov. 25. The Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo is putting up most of the money, so bidders have to follow the bank's rules. Each is a $20 million job designed to house 1,152 prisoners. Another, smaller project for Nicoya will be announced soon, the ministry said. |
