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San
José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Oct. 21, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 208
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License
denial prompts stabbings
By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
A man seeking a business license Tuesday at the Guatuso municipal building flipped out when he was denied and stabbed two persons, said the Fuerza Pública. Officers detained the stabbing suspect, identified by the last name of Pérez, a short distance away. He was riding on his bike. Officers said a municipal worker suffered a stab wound to the stomach and that a visitor to the office also was wounded. That man suffered stab wounds to the chest and back, police said. The injured went to a hospital in San Carlos.  University of Liverpool
photo
The iconic poison dart frogPoison defense
seems to hurt amphibians
By the University of Liverpool news staff Scientists at the University of Liverpool have found that amphibians that use toxins to protect themselves against predators are at a higher risk of extinction than those who use other types of defense, which poses a challenge to a long-held evolutionary hypothesis. As part of nature’s evolutionary arms race, animals have evolved a whole host of different defense mechanisms, including chemicals, such as poisons or irritants, camouflage, warning coloration and mimicry. The way mechanisms deter predators has been well studied, but little is known about how they impact upon larger evolutionary processes such as the formation of new species and extinction. In the first large-scale empirical test in animals of its kind, the team examined how rates of extinction and speciation, the development of new species, varied across different defensive traits in amphibians. They found that animals that use chemical defense show higher rates of speciation, but also higher rates of extinction, compared to those without, leading to a net reduction in species diversification. In contrast, the use of warning coloration and mimicry was associated with higher rates of speciation, but unchanged rates of extinction. Lead author Kevin Arbuckle, from the University’s Institute of Integrative Biology, said: “There are a number of plausible reasons why the use of chemical defense might lead to higher extinction rates. For example, it could be that there is trade off which leaves prey vulnerable to other kinds of enemies, such as infectious diseases, but we don’t yet understand what drives the relationship.” The results of the study, which is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, are only partially consistent with a long-held evolutionary hypothesis, called escape-and-radiate, which predicts that effective defenses let prey escape from predators and diversify into many different species in the process. Arbuckle added: “We’ve shown that this hypothesis, which is widely cited and used, requires some revision because of its failure to account for the effects of extinction rates. We propose that escape-and-radiate should be seen as just one part of a more general hypothesis for the macroevolutionary effects of anti-predator defense that includes both speciation and extinction.” “In addition, our findings could help support the conservation of endangered species by allowing some predictability of extinction risk from knowledge of anti-predator defenses. Amphibians are a key example of this as they have suffered population declines worldwide, including many of the iconic poison-dart frogs.”  Ministerio de Seguridad Pública
photo
Detained illegal immigrants
mill about the police station.Public bus
was full of illegal immigrants
By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Fuerza Pública officers checked out the passengers on a public Los Chiles to Ciudad Quesada bus and found that 40 of the persons aboard were illegal Nicaraguan immigrants. None of the illegals had a passport or any type of paperwork providing legal entry, said police. The stop was in Boca Arenal de Cutris, San Carlos. The 40 were turned over to the Dirección General de Migración, whose agents escorted the 40 to the Las Tablillas border crossing, police said. Officers said this is the largest group of illegal immigrants that has been encountered. Sunscreen called damaging to coral reefs By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Using sunscreen can cut an individual's risk of developing some of the most dangerous forms of skin cancer by 50 percent. Unfortunately, a new study suggests it also may be doing severe damage to already threatened coral reefs around the world. The research was done by the University of Central Florida and published in Tuesday's Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. The study tested the water around coral reefs in Hawaii and the Caribbean and found a high concentration of oxybenzone in the water. Oxybenzone is one of the most common ingredients in sunscreen, but it can do severe damage to fragile coral reefs. According to the research, the chemical not only kills coral, but it also causes DNA damage in adult coral, and deforms the larvae. One member of the research team, John Fauth said damaging coral reefs doesn't just harm the coral, but it can affect humans, as well. “Coral reefs are the world’s most productive marine ecosystems and support commercial and recreational fisheries and tourism,” Fauth said. “In addition, reefs protect coastlines from storm surge. Worldwide, the total value of coral reefs is tremendous. And they are in danger.” Fauth notes there is a whole new generation of swimwear that has built-in sun protection. |
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A.M. Costa Rica Third News Page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Oct. 21, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 208 | |
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 Ministerio
de Seguridad Pública photo
Police officer stands guard
at the camp that was a suspected drug helicopter base. |
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| Agents detain 11 persons in three separate murder
investigations |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Investigators detained 11 men Tuesday in three separate murder cases, including one where the victim was buried on Playa Palo Seco in the central Pacific. In addition, Ministerio de Seguridad Pública officers raided an isolated camp they said had been used as a support base for drug helicopters. Judicial police detained three murder suspects during 5 a.m. raids of three homes in Finca San Juan de Pavas They are accused of killing a man with the last name of Chavarría in a drug dispute last July 7 in the same area. The suspects range in age from 21 to 32. Investigators said they found a bulletproof police vest, crack, cash and other evidence. In another case, four men were detained in various locations in an investigation of the murder of a 44-year-old man with the last name of Ramírez. That crime took place May 16, 2014. Agents described the four, who ranged in age from 37 to 52, as the intellectual authors of the killing. Agents said that the victim was eating with one of the men at a Cartago restaurant when two men on a motorcycle drove up and one of them fired the fatal shots. Arrests were made in Tres Riós, Nicoya and in Granadilla in Curridabat. Agents said that this killing also was related to drugs. |
The murder of
a man with the last name of Parra was more recent. The body of the 33-year-old man turned up bound hands and feet in a grave on the Palo Seco beach near Parrita Sunday. Police quickly linked the case to four men who were detained in five raids at Reformadores de Parrita at 6 a.m. The men range in age from 18 to 48. Agents stopped short of calling this a drug-related crime, but they did say the motive appears to be some sort of revenge. An informal source said that Parra met his death in one of the homes that had been raided and that agents had used luminol to find traces of blood. Security ministry officers said they had to hike three hours in Suerre, Jiménez, Pococí, Limón, to reach the site of the suspected helicopter landing base. The site that included a frame building had been abandoned. When in use, the buildings had been camouflaged by plastic sheets to defeat discovery from the sky, said police. Officers from the Policía de Control de Drogas, the Fuerza Pública and from the Servicio de Vigilancia Aérea were involved in the raid. They said the land owner did not know about the camp. Police surmise that the camp was used as a rest stop for helicopters transporting drugs from the Limón coast to the northern zone and Nicaragua. |
| Foreign minister seeking investments and tourism in Azerbaijan | |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The Costa Rica foreign minister has become the first top-level Tico official to visit Azerbaijan. He met with Ilham Aliyev, president of the mainly Muslim country. The Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto said that the visit by Manuel González Sanz had as an objective the amplification of relations between both countries and the expansion of commerce in Eurasia. That includes investment, tourism and cooperation, said the ministry here. González also met with the foreign minister there, Elmar Mammadyarov, and discussed cooperation with the country in humanitarian matters as well as the economy and tourism, said the ministry here. The two men also discussed a possible treaty, the ministry said. Human Rights Watch lumps Azerbaijan with Bangladesh, Russia, Egypt, China and Uzbekistan. Last month it cited the deteriorating human rights situations in these countries and chided the United Nations Human Rights Council for not taking any action. As to Azerbaijan, the Human Rights Watch says "Azerbaijan’s government has escalated repression against its critics, marking a dramatic deterioration in an already poor rights record. In recent years, dozens of human rights defenders, political and civil activists, journalists, and |
 Ministerio de Relaciones
Exteriores y Culto photo
Foreign minister discusses visit with
President Ilham Aliyev
bloggers have been arrested or imprisoned on politically motivated charges, prompting others to flee the country or go into hiding. "Bank accounts of independent civic groups and their leaders have been frozen, impeding their work, or in some cases forcing them to shut down entirely. New legal regulations make it almost impossible for independent groups to get foreign funding. While criticizing the increasing crackdown, Azerbaijan’s international partners have failed to secure rights improvements." Aliyev's father, Heydar, led the country when it was a member of the Soviet Union. He assumed the presidency after a coup that deposed the democratically elected president in 1993. Ilham Aliyev took over when his father died in 2003 and was re-elected in 2013 after the legislature eliminated term limits. |
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| A.M. Costa Rica's Fourth News page | |||||
| San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Oct. 21, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 208 | |||||
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| NASA has 19 satellites keeping a close eye on El Niño
this year and next |
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By the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration news staff
Every two to seven years, an unusually warm pool of water, sometimes two to three degrees C higher than normal, develops across the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean to create a natural short-term climate change event. This warm condition, known as El Niño, affects the local aquatic environment but also spurs extreme weather patterns around the world, from flooding in California to droughts in Australia. This winter, the 2015-16 El Niño event will be better observed from space than any previous El Niño. This year's El Niño is already strong and appears likely to equal the event of 1997-98, the strongest El Niño on record, according to the World Meteorological Organization. All 19 of NASA's current orbiting Earth-observing missions were launched after 1997. In the past two decades, NASA has made tremendous progress in gathering and analyzing data that help researchers understand more about the mechanics and global impacts of El Niño. “El Niño is a fascinating phenomenon because it has such far-reaching and diverse impacts. The fact that fires in Indonesia are linked with circulation patterns that influence rainfall over the United States shows how complex and interconnected the Earth system is,” said Lesley Ott, research meteorologist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland. Using NASA satellite observations in tandem with supercomputer processing power for modeling systems, scientists have a comprehensive suite of tools to analyze El Niño events and their global impacts as never before. Throughout this winter, NASA will share the latest scientific insights and imagery updates related to El Niño. For instance, scientists are learning how El Niño affects the year-to-year variability for fire seasons in the western United States, Amazon and Indonesia. El Niño may also affect the |
yearly
variability of the ground-level pollutant ozone that severely affects human health. Researchers will be keenly focused on how the current El Niño will affect the drought in California. “We still have a lot to learn about these connections, and NASA's suite of satellites will help us understand these processes in a new and deeper way,” said Ott. Many NASA satellites observe environmental factors that are associated with El Niño evolution and its impacts, including sea surface temperature, sea surface height, surface currents, atmospheric winds and ocean color. The Jason-2 satellite measures sea surface height, which is especially useful in quantifying the heat stored and released by the oceans during El Niño years. NASA satellites also help scientists see the global impact of El Niño. The warmer than normal eastern Pacific Ocean has far-reaching effects worldwide. These events spur disasters like fires and floods. They change storm tracks, cloud cover and other weather patterns, and they have devastating effects on fisheries and other industries. NASA’s Earth-observing satellites help monitor those and other impacts by measuring land and ocean conditions that both influence and are affected by El Niño. For instance, NASA’s Global Precipitation Measurement Mission provides worldwide precipitation measurements every three hours. NASA’s Soil Moisture Active Passive mission measures soil moisture in the top layer of land. Both of these satellites are useful for monitoring drought, improving flood warnings and watching crop and fishing industries. “NASA is at the forefront in providing key observations of El Niño and advancing our understanding of its role in shaping Earth’s weather and climate patterns,” said Duane Waliser, chief scientist of the Earth Science and Technology Directorate at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. |
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| What we published this week: | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Earlier |
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Colorado
S.A. 2015 and may not be reproduced anywhere without permission. Abstracts and fair use are permitted. Check HERE for details |
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A.M. Costa Rica's Fifth news page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Oct. 21, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 208 | |||||||
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| Special day puts focus on the brew with a kick By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
For some, it’s a morning routine. For others, it’s a pick-me-up at the end of a long day. In fact, drinking coffee is such an integral part of so many people’s lives that it might surprise them to know this is the first year ever that there has been an International Coffee Day. The International Coffee Organization declared Oct. 1 of this year a special day to promote and celebrate coffee as a beverage. A great deal of work goes into serving that morning roast. Barista Emma Durband lists some of the many drinks her customers prefer. "There are lots of different ways to get that caffeine jolt. You can have your steamed milk coffee. You can have your pour-overs. You can have just your espresso drinks," said Ms. Durband. It takes about three minutes to get that morning cup of coffee, but most of the hard work happens behind the scenes. Beans have to be sourced from all over the world. And the perfect cup can only come from the perfect beans. Swing’s Coffee has been serving the Washington area for a century now. They have a routine they follow to make sure each cup meets their high standards. That’s why a grader or coffee expert like Neil Balkcom tests samples before ordering the beans. "The secret to the perfect roast is really understanding the bean itself. There are a lot of variables that exist within coffee and the supply chain of coffee," he said. "Effectively what we’re trying to do here is source the best beans that we can, reveal the best quality that they inherently already have and present that to our customers." And even when the tested coffee orders come in, the work continues. "It’s quality control that we do every day. We’re doing it throughout the day to make sure that roast to roast to roast is consistent," said Balkcom. From quality control, to consulting with the growers, to packaging for distribution, to serving it up, much more goes into a cup of coffee than one might think. Grand jury issues indictment of ex-U.N. Assembly chief By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
A U.S. grand jury has indicted former U.N. General Assembly president John Ashe on suspicion of accepting more than $1 million in bribes in exchange for promoting the interests of a Chinese businessman. John Ashe was Antigua and Barbuda's U.N. ambassador from 2004 until his election as president of the 68th General Assembly in 2013. His indictment Tuesday came two weeks after his arrest in suburban New York City. The indictment also names billionaire Macau-based real estate developer Ng Lap Seng, also known as David Ng, and three others. In a 37-page complaint released Oct. 6 by U.S. prosecutors in New York, U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara cited Ashe's alleged acceptance of at least $1.3 million in bribes from Ng in 2013 and 2014 and his failure to pay taxes on them. Ng was arrested last month on separate charges and later placed under house arrest under a $50 million bond. Prosecutors allege Ng was seeking Ashe's influence as far back as 2011 to promote the construction of a multibillion-dollar U.N. conference center in Macau. Investigators contend he helped draft and then circulated an official U.N. document to other member states in support of the conference center. Ashe's alleged co-author, Francis Lorenzo, was also indicted Tuesday. Lorenzo was deputy ambassador to the Dominican Republic. Investigators allege that Ng funneled the bribes to Ashe, 61, through at least two nongovernmental organizations. While not identified in the complaint, the two match the description of South-South News, a media platform covering global development from the United Nations, governments and the private sector, and the Global Sustainability Foundation. Lorenzo is listed as president of South-South, while Ashe is listed as honorary chairman of the Global Sustainability Foundation. Sheri Yan, CEO of Global Sustainability, was also named in Tuesday's indictment. The indictment did not include a sixth original suspect, Global Sustainability finance director Heidi Park. Democrats block legislation to punish sanctuary cities By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
In Washington’s latest battle over undocumented immigration, a bill to punish so-called sanctuary cities has been blocked in the U.S. Senate. Democrats banded together to prevent debate on Republican-sponsored legislation curtailing federal funds to hundreds of cities and counties that do not cooperate with U.S. authorities in identifying and handing over undocumented aliens for deportation. “This vile legislation might as well be called ‘The Donald Trump Act,’ ” said Senate Democratic Leader Harry Reid, referring to the businessman and Republican presidential front-runner who labeled Mexican immigrants as drug-runners and rapists and pledged to halt unlawful entries into the United States. “Like the disgusting, outrageous language championed by Donald Trump, this legislation paints all immigrants as criminals,” the Nevada Democrat added. Backers of the bill say noncooperation between local and federal authorities on illegal immigration endangers public safety. They point to an incident earlier this year in which a Mexican national shot and killed an American woman after being released from custody in San Francisco, despite a federal request for his detention. A convicted felon, Juan Francisco López-Sánchez had been deported multiple times and repeatedly returned to the United States. “San Francisco is a so-called sanctuary city that arbitrarily decides when it will cooperate with the federal government and when it won’t,” said Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, a Kentucky Republican. “When felons enter our country illegally and repeatedly, is it fair to victims and families to not do what we can to stop them?” Advocacy groups weighed in prior to Tuesday’s procedural vote. The American Immigration Council described local sanctuary policies as beneficial, saying they “limit entanglement between local police and federal immigration authorities.” The council argued that communication and trust between immigrant communities and local jurisdictions would be undermined if police officers were viewed as de facto federal agents acting on the U.S. government’s behalf. “These policies make communities safer and increase communication between police and their residents without imposing any restrictions on federal law enforcement activities,” the council said in a news release. By contrast, NumbersUSA, which advocates stricter U.S. immigration enforcement, praised the Senate bill as “protecting communities from violent criminal aliens who should have been removed from the United States before they victimize more innocent people.” “It is long past time for Congress to act in stopping wholly preventable crimes committed by criminal aliens,” NumbersUSA said in a statement. For years, immigration has animated U.S. political campaigns, particularly among Republicans. “The scandalously poor enforcement of our immigration laws is made much, much worse by the lawless actions of 340 sanctuary jurisdictions across the country,” said Republican Sen. Ted Cruz of Texas, a presidential candidate. “Although these jurisdictions are more than happy, eager even, to take federal taxpayer dollars, they go out of their way to obstruct and impede federal immigration enforcement,” he said. “Not only are these sanctuary policies an affront to rule of law, they are extremely dangerous,” Cruz added. “This is nothing more than an offensive anti-immigrant bill, another effort to demonize those who risked everything for a better life for themselves and their children,” countered Democratic Sen. Robert Menendez of New Jersey. “This bill does nothing more than instigate fear and divide our nation.” Trudeau restates his desire to withdraw from conflicts By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Canada's new prime minister-designate Justin Trudeau has reaffirmed his commitment to scaling back his country's involvement in the anti-Islamic State coalition in Iraq and Syria. Speaking to reporters late Tuesday, Trudeau said he and U.S. President Barack Obama discussed by phone Canada's involvement in the Washington-led coalition. "I committed that we would continue to engage in a responsible way that understands that Canada has a role to play in the fight against ISIL," he said, referring to the Islamic State. "But he understands the commitments I've made in ending the combat mission," Trudeau added. Trudeau, who led his Liberal Party to a commanding victory in Monday's parliamentary elections, campaigned on promises to bring home Canadian fighter jets and end his country's combat mission in Iraq and Syria. He has promised to keep military trainers in place, however. During their phone call, Obama committed to working with Trudeau on other issues ranging from climate change to trade promotion, according to White House officials. In particular, the two leaders noted the successful conclusion of Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations and the need to move forward with implementing the trade agreement. They also committed to work together to achieve a global climate agreement in Paris in December. Results provided by Canada's election commission show the Liberals winning 184 seats in the 338-seat parliament, compared to the 99 seats won by outgoing Prime Minister Stephen Harper's Conservative Party. The left-leaning New Democratic Party, which once was considered the front-running party early in the 11-week campaign, finished a distant third with 44 seats. Trudeau claimed victory before a crowd of cheering supporters in Montreal late Monday, saying the campaign proved "this is what positive politics can do," and that he hopes it will serve as "an inspiration to like-minded people to step up and pitch in.” Moments before, Harper congratulated Trudeau in a concession speech in Calgary, saying "while tonight's results are not one we had hoped for, the people are never wrong." The Conservative Party later announced that Harper will step down from his post as its leader. The victory marks a rapid rise to power for the 43-year-old Trudeau, who becomes the second-youngest prime minister in Canada's history after withstanding political attacks that he was inexperienced and not ready for the job. The former school teacher was first elected to parliament in 2008, and became head of the Liberals in 2013 after the party lost three straight elections to the Conservatives dating back to 2006. He campaigned on a platform of raising taxes on Canada's richest citizens, increasing spending on infrastructure to boost the economy and improving relations with the United States. His late father, Pierre, was first elected in 1968 on a wave of support among voters that became known as "Trudeaumania," and served nearly uninterrupted for the next 16 years. The charismatic Pierre, who died in 2000 at the age of 84, introduced Canada's version of the bill of rights and made French one of the country's official languages, all while capturing international headlines for dating movie stars and models before marrying. Judges, lawyers considering detainee representation plan By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Defense lawyers for the five Guantanamo Bay suspects accused of plotting the Sept. 11 terror attacks debated Tuesday how the men could potentially represent themselves, citing security restrictions in their death penalty cases. A pre-trial hearing stalled on Monday when Walid bin Attash, a Yemeni accused of running an al-Qaida camp in Afghanistan, told his lawyers, a civilian and a member of the military, he no longer trusted them and asked the military court how he might represent himself. The government-appointed attorneys spent about an hour talking to Army Col. James Pohl, the judge for the proceedings, about how the five terror suspects could defend themselves without access to legal resources and relevant classified materials. A statement by the Pentagon said the defense argued classified information procedures preclude "the accused's presence during litigation of classified matters." Pohl proposed a trial conduct order that, based on discussion in court, would divide the functions between the detainee calling himself the lead lawyer and a so-called standby counsel, according to a report in the Miami Herald. The standby counsel would be a court-approved, American lawyer with a security clearance to see some of the classified evidence available to the defense for trial preparation, the paper reported. The judge did not release the draft order. However, David Nevin, attorney for the alleged mastermind of the 9/11 plot, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, said having lawyers on standby to deal with classified information on behalf of the prisoners would relegate the defendants to servant status. Proceedings are scheduled to resume this morning. Bin Attash is among five people at the hearing accused of plotting the Sept. 11 attacks. Military prosecutors say bin Attash served as a bodyguard to al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden, who was killed by U.S. forces during a raid on his Abbottobad, Pakistan, compound in 2011. Bin Attash is also accused of taking part in the USS Cole bombing in October 2000. James Connell, a lawyer for accused al-Qaida money mover Ammar al Baluchi, said would counsel anyone against self-representation. A defendant in a military commission trial has a right to serve as his own lawyer but must be informed of the consequences of doing so. Also, the judge in the case must be certain that the choice to do so is voluntary and made in sound mind. Government lawyers largely agreed with Pohl's proposed document, suggesting only minor changes, according to a Pentagon statement released Tuesday. However, Cheryl Bormann, bin Attash's lawyer, said she needed more time to explain Pohl's proposed advisement to bin Attash. Almost 3,000 people were killed when hijackers slammed airliners into New York's World Trade Center, the Pentagon and a Pennsylvania field on Sept. 11, 2001. The five prisoners face terrorism charges as well as nearly 3,000 counts of murder in violation of the laws of war. They could get the death penalty if convicted. The hearings are held at the Guantanamo Bay U.S. Naval Base prison in Cuba, and are monitored over closed-circuit television at a press room at Fort Meade, outside Washington. |
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| What we published this week: | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Earlier |
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contents of this Web site are copyrighted by Consultantes Río
Colorado S.A. 2015 and may not be reproduced anywhere without
permission. Abstracts and fair use are permitted. Check HERE for details |
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| A.M. Costa Rica's sixth news page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Oct. 21, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 208 | |||||||||
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 Taylor
& Francis/Derek Onley
Hakawai
melvillei, a newly discovered species of shorebird
Shorebird links
New Zealand, America
By the Taylor & Francis news staff
Shorebirds otherwise known as waders live in a wide variety of environments worldwide, from the Himalayas to Antarctica. With their long legs, shorebirds have long been a subject of evolutionary discussion, but where did they originate and how did they diverge into so many habitats across the globe? Due to a poor fossil record, these questions remain largely unanswered. However, a new article published in Journal of Systematic Palaeontology sheds new light on this mystery. A new piece in this evolutionary puzzle has been presented by an international team of New Zealand and Australian-based scientists, including researchers at Canterbury Museum, who have confirmed that a 19 to 16 million-year-old shorebird fossil, discovered in Central Otago, New Zealand, belongs to a group of small birds including the Australian Plains-wanderer and the South American Seedsnipes. The new species, Hakawai melvillei, is named after a mystery bird in Māori mythology and in honour of New Zealand-based ornithologist and ecologist David Melville. Hakawai melvillei was a small wading bird that lived about 19 million years ago during the Miocene epoch, around an ancient subtropical lake on the edge of a floodplain, with many other waterbirds, waterfowl, crocodilians and bats. The finding of individuals at chick or near fledging stage (known from their bone surface texture) shows that Hakawai melvillei was breeding in New Zealand and was not migratory, unlike many birds of this group today. The closest relative of Hakawai melvillei is the extant Australian plains-wanderer (Pedionomidae). These birds are also closely related to the South American seedsnipes (Thinocoridae). Hakawai melvillei is extinct, but its ancient lineage and close relationships show how all these birds have a common ancestry in East Gondwana, before the land mass subsequently split up and New Zealand became isolated. |
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| From Page 7: Mexican sugar imports suspended in U.S. By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The U.S. International Trade commission determined by vote Tuesday that sugar imports from México are damaging national producers because the sugar is subsidized and sold at less than fair market value. The vote by the commission was unanimous, according to a news release. The action means that a December suspension agreement that the Department of Commerce had entered into with México will remain in effect for five years. A full report containing the views of the commissioners will be available next month, said the release. The decision was praised by sugar producers but faced criticism from organizations representing big sugar users. |
