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San
José, Costa Rica, Thursday,
Sept. 18, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 185
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New manual gives
coastal dos and don'ts
By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The nation's environmental tribunal wants coastal residents to be on the same page with its efforts at protecting the coastline and the seas. So it has produced a manual
José Lino Chaves, tribunal president, noted that the marine area is 10 times larger than the continental area of Costa Rica. So the oceans, fishing, scuba diving also are referenced in the manual, along with protection of sea creatures, such as turtles and whales. American football game is Friday By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The Panamá national football team will battle the national team of Costa Rica Friday night for the Central American championship. The game is at 8 p.m. in Estadio
Paso Ancho circle restrictions begin By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Driving on the already hectic Circunvalación will become more hectic today. The Consejo Nacional de Vialidad said that the multiple-lane highway is being reduced so that construction can begin on a new overpass. Motorists have lived through other closures in the past when two other overpasses were built. The woes are expected to last for 14 months. Restrictions will be in force 24 hours a day. The Circunvalación is the highway that loops around south of the San José center and heads north through San Pedro. There are plans to continue the route along the north side of the city that are unrelated to the overpass work. The new overpass will be at Paso Ancho, better known as the Guacamaya traffic circle because of the presence of the big vehicle supply and repair firm by that name. This is a $10 million job being financed by the Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. Encounter with traffic police is fatal By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Two motorcycle bandits made a big mistake when they decided to rob a motorist and a traffic policeman. One of the bandits died of a bullet wound to the head and the second was detained while being treated for a gunshot wound to the back, said the Judicial Investigating Organization. The incident played out early Tuesday when two traffic police officers stopped to help a motorist having vehicle trouble in León XIII. One officer stayed in the vehicle while the other dismounted. That is when the two bandits pulled up, apparently unaware that there were two and not one traffic police officer. As they stripped belongings of the motorist and the policeman accompanying him, the second officer realized what was going on and opened fire.
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A.M. Costa Rica Third News Page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Thursday, Sept. 18, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 185 | |
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 Ministerio de Gobernación,
Policía y Seguridad Pública photo
Oswaldo Rodríguez
patrols the turtle egg sanctuary where each nest is set out on a
carefully mapped grid. |
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| For police officers in Jacó, protecting turtle eggs
is a consuming job |
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By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Law enforcement has been facing criticism because police have been unable to stop the theft of turtle eggs on remote beaches. The tenor of the criticism peaked after the murder by poachers May 31, 2013, of Jairo Mora Sandoval a Caribbean coast turtle protector. Still the Fuerza Pública and judicial investigators make countless arrests of egg thieves and turtle butchers. Not widely know is that members of the Fuerza Pública have taken it on themselves to maintain a turtle incubation site at Jacó. Officials said that Oswaldo Rodríguez, the subdirector of the police agency there, was mainly responsible. Olive ridley sea turtles have been arriving at the pacific beaches since July, and Rodríguez and other volunteers have been busy rescuing turtle eggs and placing them in the protected sanctuary. This turtle is considered critically endangered. Some 408 turtles have hatched already at the nursery, said the security ministry in praising the work its employees do on their free time. The volunteers snatch the eggs as soon as they have been laid to protect them. The beaches have heavy traffic and even roaming dogs are a threat to the eggs. They are placed in duplicate sand nests inside the sanctuary. The security ministry transferred Rodríguez to the Garabito area two years ago. That is when he started his work with turtles. |
 Ministerio de Gobernación,
Policía y Seguridad Pública photo
Police officer awaits the exit
of a turtle mother who is depositing eggs in a nest that might be in a
high-traffic area. |
| Agents raid three locations they say are houses of
prostitution |
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By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
For some reason, judicial agents cracked down on three prostitution operations Tuesday afternoon and detained five men and a woman. The agents found some 70 women working as prostitutes in the three locations, said the Judicial Investigating Organization. The judicial agent said that the three locations were listed as pensiones, a Spanish term for a smaller hotel. Nearly every prostitution operation in the city is licensed as a pension and they contain private rooms for renting. The three raids may have been prompted by reports that minors were working in the locations. Agents said they did find one 17 year old working as a prostitute. That is a serious offense. The action came from agents in the Sección de Delitos Contra La Integridad Física, Trata y Tráfico de Personas. All the raids took place in the center of San Jose. Prostitution is not penalized in Costa Rica, but pimping is illegal. In |
nearly every
prostitution operation that characterizes itself as a pension, there is
someone in charge who takes money and arranges the
delivery of prostitutes to a room. In fact, this goes on at most strip
clubs, too. Many prostitutes say they prefer working in such establishment for security and to remain anonymous. There also are clearly established working hours. Periodically, judicial agents, municipal police or tax police conduct raids of a few prostitution operations. One major raid resulted in the operators being fined only for not having access for the disabled. The bulk of the women located at work during the raids were Nicaraguans or Costa Ricans along with a few Dominicans, the judicial agency said. The location of these prostitution operations in San José are not secret. Some announced their presence with flashing Christmas lights. In fact, one expat has posted a detailed map and narrative that lists and evaluates perhaps two dozen such prostitution operations in the center of the city. |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Thursday, Sept. 18, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 185 | |||||
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| Ancient DNA shows three, not two, ancestors for modern
Europeans |
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By
the Harvard Medical School news staff
The setting: Europe, about 7,500 years ago. Agriculture was sweeping in from the Near East, bringing early farmers into contact with hunter-gatherers who had already been living in Europe for tens of thousands of years. Genetic and archaeological research in the last 10 years has revealed that almost all present-day Europeans descend from the mixing of these two ancient populations. But it turns out that’s not the full story. Researchers at Harvard Medical School and the University of Tübingen in Germany have now documented a genetic contribution from a third ancestor: Ancient North Eurasians. This group appears to have contributed DNA to present-day Europeans as well as to the people who travelled across the Bering Strait into the Americas more than 15,000 years ago. “Prior to this paper, the models we had for European ancestry were two-way mixtures. We show that there are three groups,” said David Reich, professor of genetics at Harvard and co-senior author of the study. “This also explains the recently discovered genetic connection between Europeans and Native Americans,” Reich added. “The same ancient North Eurasian group contributed to both of them.” The research team also discovered that ancient Near Eastern farmers and their European descendants can trace much of their ancestry to a previously unknown, even older lineage called the Basal Eurasians. The study was published online Sept. 17 in Nature. To probe the ongoing mystery of Europeans’ heritage and their relationships to the rest of the world, the international research team — including co-senior author Johannes Krause, professor of archaeo- and paleogenetics at the University of Tübingen and co-director of the new Max Planck Institute for History and the Sciences in Jena, Germany — collected and sequenced the DNA of more than 2,300 present-day people from around the world and of nine ancient humans from Sweden, Luxembourg and Germany. The ancient bones came from eight hunter-gatherers who lived about 8,000 years ago, before the arrival of farming, and one farmer from about 7,000 years ago. The researchers also incorporated into their study genetic sequences previously gathered from ancient humans of the same time period, including early farmers such as Ötzi the Iceman.  Joanna Drath/University of Tübingen
This skull of a 7,000-year-old
German farmer was among the ancient human bones that revealed more
about the genetic heritage of present-day Europeans. |
“There was a sharp
genetic transition between the hunter-gatherers and
the farmers, reflecting a major movement of new people into Europe from
the Near East,” said Reich. Ancient North Eurasian DNA wasn’t found in either the hunter-gatherers or the early farmers, suggesting the Ancient North Eurasians arrived in the area later, he said. “Nearly all Europeans have ancestry from all three ancestral groups,” said Iosif Lazaridis, a research fellow in genetics in Reich’s lab and first author of the paper. “Differences between them are due to the relative proportions of ancestry. Northern Europeans have more hunter-gatherer ancestry — up to about 50 percent in Lithuanians — and Southern Europeans have more farmer ancestry.” Lazaridis added, “The ancient North Eurasian ancestry is proportionally the smallest component everywhere in Europe, never more than 20 percent, but we find it in nearly every European group we’ve studied and also in populations from the Caucasus and Near East. A profound transformation must have taken place in West Eurasia” after farming arrived. When this research was conducted, ancient North Eurasians were a ghost population — an ancient group known only through the traces it left in the DNA of present-day people. Then, in January, a separate group of archaeologists found the physical remains of two ancient North Eurasians in Siberia. Now, said Reich, “We can study how they’re related to other populations.” The team was able to go only so far in its analysis because of the limited number of ancient DNA samples. Reich thinks there could easily be more than three ancient groups who contributed to today’s European genetic profile. He and his colleagues found that the three-way model doesn’t tell the whole story for certain regions of Europe. Mediterranean groups such as the Maltese, as well as Ashkenazi Jews, had more Near East ancestry than anticipated, while far northeastern Europeans such as Finns and the Saami, as well as some northern Russians, had more East Asian ancestry in the mix. The most surprising part of the project for Reich, however, was the discovery of the Basal Eurasians. “This deep lineage of non-African ancestry branched off before all the other non-Africans branched off from one another,” he said. “Before Australian Aborigines and New Guineans and South Indians and Native Americans and other indigenous hunter-gatherers split, they split from Basal Eurasians. This reconciled some contradictory pieces of information for us.” Next, the team wants to figure out when the Ancient North Eurasians arrived in Europe and to find ancient DNA from the Basal Eurasians. “We are only starting to understand the complex genetic relationship of our ancestors,” said co-author Krause. “Only more genetic data from ancient human remains will allow us to disentangle our prehistoric past.” “There are important open questions about how the present-day people of the world got to where they are,” said Reich. “The traditional way geneticists study this is by analyzing present-day people, but this is very hard because present-day people reflect many layers of mixture and migration. “Ancient DNA sequencing is a powerful technology that allows you to go back to the places and periods where important demographic events occurred,” he said. “It’s a great new opportunity to learn about human history.” |
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A.M. Costa Rica's Fifth
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| San José, Costa Rica, Thursday, Sept. 18, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 185 | |||||||
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| Scots go to the polls today with both sides optimistic By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
The mood is tense on the streets of Scotland’s biggest city, Glasgow, less than 24 hours ahead of the referendum on independence with both sides optimistic of victory. At a packed pub in Glasgow’s West End, the punters are discussing an unusual topic: politics. So far the opinion polls are neck-and-neck, although some have questioned whether the results are being skewed by no voters unwilling to reveal their decision publicly, and yes supporters who don’t normally vote. Arlene Moffat is having a quiet drink with a friend. She says she’s voting “a definite no.” "Stronger together, historically. Financially, the military, business-wise, pensions. We want to keep the pound, we don’t want the euro. We like the national anthem, everything," Ms. Moffat said, adding that she hopes the yes votes will see sense and change their minds at the last minute. Across the room sits a musician named Neil, who is originally from Newcastle, but now lives in Glasgow. It’s clear from the array of yes badges he’s wearing, which side he will be voting for on Thursday. He says he is concerned by the coverage of the referendum in the mainstream media, which he believes has been biased against independence. Social media has been a major driver of the pro-independence campaign, which some say favors younger voters, while supporters of the union tend to be older and wealthier. Outside the pub in Glasgow, taxi driver Brian said eight out of 10 people in his cab said they are voting yes. But the same eight people think that it’s going to be a no victory. They are thinking every other person is voting no. "My wife’s a no. I’m a yes. It’s like that. My neighbor’s a no . . . . It goes right down the middle and everyone has their own reasons," Brian said. Alistair Darling, a former British finance minister and leader of the Better Together campaign said independence would be an irreversible decision that would bring economic doom and gloom. Pro-union political leaders signed a joint pledge promising greater powers for Scotland in the event of a no vote, but many are skeptical these would actually be delivered. The race to persuade undecided voters will continue until the polls close Thursday night. The latest surveys indicate 48 percent of Scots are likely to vote yes for independence, compared to a 52 percent majority rejecting the bid to break away from London's rule. The polls have also found 8 to 14 percent of Scotland's 4.3 million voters are still undecided. Speaking to Sky News, British Prime Minister David Cameron said he is nervous, but confident that Scots will say no. “…Everyone who cares about our United Kingdom, and I care passionately about our United Kingdom, is nervous, but I am confident that we have set out how Scotland can have the best of both worlds, a successful economy with a growing number of jobs that we have seen today, the Scottish unemployment rate at six percent is actually lower than the unemployment rate in London, and shows what a success the Scottish economy is," he said. "So, the success of that, but combined with the ability of Scots if they vote no to have even more powers and even more say over how to run their own affairs in Scotland." U.S. attorney in Minnesota tracking would-be jihadists By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Authorities are investigating men and women they believe have left the northern U.S. state of Minnesota to fight alongside extremists in Syria. The U.S. Attorney for Minnesota, Andrew Luger, would not specify the number of individuals under scrutiny, but he said they represent a wide variety of backgrounds. Luger said many of these young people are disenfranchised from their families and communities, and they have lost hope in their own future. He said they are responding to jihadists online efforts to recruit them. Lugar said authorities also are looking for people in the United States who are assisting the young people in leaving the country. Luger said a young person who has not traveled outside the United States is not going out to get a passport and then book an international flight to the Middle East without help. He also said recruiters for extremist groups are very clever in their appeals to young people in the United States. Luger said America needs to create a better online messaging campaign to counter the message of the bad guys. Police sweep in Australia said to stifle murder threat By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott says a massive anti-terrorism raid was prompted by an Islamic State figure who has ordered demonstration killings in Australia. Prime Minister Abbott said Thursday the order came from an Australian who is apparently quite senior in the extremist group, which controls large parts of Syria and Iraq. Australian media say court documents later Thursday will reveal the militants planned to abduct a random Australian, wrap the victim in an Islamic State flag, and behead him. The revelations came after about 800 Australian police officers carried out pre-dawn raids in Sydney, Brisbane, and Logan, arresting 15 people. At least one has been charged with a terrorism-related offense. Australia recently elevated its terror warning amid threats by Islamic State fighters, who have already carried out video-taped beheadings of three Westerners. Federal Police Chief Andrew Colvin told reporters the group targeted by the raids "had started to carry out planning to commit violent acts here in Australia." "These violent acts particularly related to random acts against members of the public. So what we saw today and the operation that continues was very much about police disrupting the potential for violence against the Australian community at the earliest possible opportunity," said Colvin. Last week, Australian police arrested two men in Brisbane suspected of preparing to fight in Syria, recruiting militants and raising money for the al-Qaida-affiliated al-Nusra Front. U.S. Fed will hold rate for considerable time By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
The U.S. central bank says it expects to end its direct support of the American economy next month, but still maintain its record-low benchmark interest rate for a considerable time until economic conditions improve more. Policy makers at the Federal Reserve Wednesday said the U.S. economy, the world's largest, is still advancing at a moderate pace. But they said the country's labor market, which added a disappointing 142,000 jobs in August, is not improving as fast as it could. The Fed, after a two-day meeting in Washington, cut another $10 billion in the size of the monthly asset purchases it has been making for nearly two years in an effort to boost the country's recovery from the severe recession in 2008 and 2009. The policy makers said that if the country's economic advance continues in the coming weeks, they expect to end their last $15 billion in monthly asset purchases at their next meeting in late October. Fed Chairwoman Janet Yellen said the economic downturn, the country's worst in seven decades, continues to play a role in U.S. economic fortunes. "Many cite the residual effects of the financial crisis, which although slowly diminishing, are likely to continue to restrain household spending, constrain credit availability, and depress expectations for future growth in output and incomes," she said. At the same time, the policy makers said they will keep their benchmark interest rate at zero to a quarter of a percentage point for a considerable period after that, especially if inflation in the U.S. continues to run below the 2 percent target set by the Federal Reserve. Ms. Yellen has suggested that the central bank may not increase the interest rate until mid-2015. The Fed's benchmark rate directly influences interest rates that businesses and consumers are charged to borrow money. Economic growth in the U.S. has been uneven this year, with a 2.1 percent contraction in the first quarter and 4.2 percent growth in the April-to-June period. The Fed is predicting a 2 to 2.2 percent advance for all of 2014, and a 2.6 to 3 percent gain next year. Even so, the 2015 projection is down from an earlier central bank forecast. The path to a rate increase is hugely important for investors. In June, the median of the Fed's projections suggested rates would reach 1.125 percent by the end of next year, more than a quarter point higher than futures markets have priced in. Fear expressed that ebola could spread through air By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
As the ebola epidemic continues to spread unchecked in western Africa, fears are beginning to emerge that the virus could mutate and the disease could become airborne. Some experts say the chances are remote, though, that ebola could spread from person-to-person through the air. The number of people infected with ebola has soared in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Nigeria and Senegal with more than half of the estimated 4,300 cases resulting in death. Some infectious disease specialists have expressed concern the disease could acquire a new, more terrifying mode of transmission — through inhalation, much like the common flu bug. People become infected with ebola by coming into contact with the contaminated bodily fluids, primarily blood and saliva, of infected individuals. In a New York Times opinion piece, biosecurity expert Michael T. Osterholm noted that viruses like ebola are notoriously sloppy in replicating, which means that each new infection presents the possibility of trillions of genetic changes. Genetic mutations to bacteria and viruses are common. They are the result of small mistakes that occur in the DNA of a microbe in the course of replicating. But rarely, said Anthony Fauci, does a virus mutate to the point that it changes how it spreads from person to person. In testimony Wednesday before a U.S. Congressional committee hearing on ebola, Fauci, the head of the U.S. Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, commented on that possibility. “It generally, if it changes a function, modifies an already-existing function, it makes it either a bit more virulent or a bit less virulent. It makes it a little more efficient in the way that it spreads or a little less efficient,” he said Having said that, he warned the longer the ebola epidemic continues in Africa, the greater the chance the virus will acquire mutations. “If this virus keeps replicating and keeps infecting more and more people, you are going to give it a chance to mutate. So, the way you can take that off the table is to actually shut down this epidemic,” Fauci said. Experimental drugs have been used in some cases to treat Ebola patients, but care is mostly supportive. In the absence of a cure, efforts continue to try to contain the virus through quarantine, limiting travel to other countries and public curfews. The United States is sending 3,000 troops to Liberia, the nation worst hit by Ebola, to help with training medical workers, coordinating supplies and building new treatment facilities. Other countries are donating medical supplies to try to contain what one public health official called a ferocious epidemic. Kent Brantly, an American missionary doctor who survived the ebola virus, told a House Foreign Affairs subcommittee on Wednesday "The longer we wait, the greater the cost of the battle, both in dollars and lives." The panel on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights and International Organizations met to hear how experts at various U.S. public health agencies think the virus can be contained, although one panelist described it as "ferocious and spreading rapidly." One of the experts warned that ebola could last for years and spread to many more countries in Africa if it is not controlled quickly. Fauci also noted that a 13th volunteer received the ebola vaccine Wednesday, and so far the trials are going well. He said the ZMapp therapeutic treatment that Brantly and others have received still needs to be evaluated to determine how well it works. Those testifying emphasized the urgency of getting aid to the West African countries experiencing the Ebola outbreak, and that improving the medical structure in these countries is critical to saving lives. Water collector mimics actions of shorebirds By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
A simple device, inspired by the beaks of shorebirds, can harvest drops of water from fog and dew. Its developers say it could help drought-prone communities around the world meet their need for drinkable water. A University of Texas at Arlington engineering professor, Cheng Luo, and his doctoral student, Xin Heng, came up with their design after noting how long-billed shorebirds with thin beaks get water. Birds like sandpipers and stilts push liquid back into their throats by opening and closing their beaks. So the researchers hinged two rectangular glass plates together. When the collector is open, it provides a large surface area where beads of fog can condense. As it closes, the water drops slide into a collection tube near the hinge. Writing in the American Chemical Society journal ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Luo reports that a single 25-by-10 centimeter prototype harvested about 15 milliliters of water in a half hour. Over a two-hour span, it gathered 400 to 900 times more liquid than any other natural or artificial fog-collector. |
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| A.M. Costa Rica's sixth news page |
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 Ministerio de Gobernación,
Policía y Seguridad Pública photo
An officer with the
Policía de Control de Drogas chops at one of 88,825 plants he
and colleagues have destroyed at 26 sites in Cerro Danta, Sinaí,
Palmar Norte, Finca La Muñeca, Altos de Altamira, Hatillo,
Aguirre y Chacarita in the southern part of the country
this month.Judge bans magazine to protect governor Special to A.M. Costa Rica
A court in Brazil is censoring the magazine IstoÉ and ordering it to withdraw its weekly publication from the market for having reported on a case of corruption in the public administration. Judge Maria Marleide Maciel Queiroz of Fortaleza in Ceará state Monday ordered IstoÉ, one of the country’s most prestigious magazines, to pull this week’s issue and a report on its Web site. The court order responds to a lawsuit alleging libel, defamation and moral harm filed by Ceará State Gov. Cid Gomes, who claimed to be offended by a report in which he was linked to corrupt activities by Brazilian oil company Petrobras. The Inter American Press Association condemned the court action. The chairman of the association's Committee on Freedom of the Press and Information, Claudio Paolillo, protested “the frequency with which Brazilian judges protect public officials in detriment to the news media and especially against the constitutional guarantee allowing all Brazilians to enjoy their right to freely receive and disseminate information.” Paolillo, editor of the Montevideo, Uruguay weekly, Búsqueda, said, “Public officials are subject to greater scrutiny by the people.” “It is for the news media to exercise their watchdog role and for judges to guarantee that democratic value,” he said. Gomes sued IstoÉ after journalists with that magazine sent him an e-mail asking for his reaction to statements in court made by the former head of Petrobas, Paulo Roberto Costa, who linked him to a list of authorities who allegedly participated in influence-peddling and bribery. Costa’s disclosure comes on the heels of a confession which enables him to obtain a reduced sentence. |
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| From Page 7: Efficiency, cost reduction are topics of seminar By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The Cámara de Industrias plans a seminar today to help business leaders consider their options in the fact of increases in the cost of production. The chamber said that in the last 19 months more than 6,000 employees lost their jobs as firms took steps to reduce expenses. The session today is an all-day affair at the Hotel Radisson. The emphasis will be on new technologies that can save firms money and make them more efficient, said an announcement. Among these are digital technologies and the internet of things, according to the announcement. There also is a session on gaining strategic intelligences for various markets. |
