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José, Costa Rica, Tuesday, Sept. 15, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 182
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President
promotes telecommuting
By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
President Luis Guillermo Solís said that his administration's plan for telecommuting will stimulate the economy where public employees live. Rather than traveling to work and expending motor fuel, the employees will remain in their home areas and make purchases there, he said. He singled out Cartago, as a community that would benefit. He signed the decree promoting telecommuting by public workers there Monday night at the independence eve ceremony. The plan is supposed to save some 350,000 liters of motor fuel and increase the productivity of employees from 15 to 20 percent, said Casa Presidencial in explaining the president' s decree. The plan also is supposed to have a beneficial effect on the family life of employees, said Casa Presidencial. Neither the summary nor the president specified how many employees would be involved, but he said the measure would reduce the traffic flow by 1,100 vehicles a day. There have been several pilot programs to allow public employees to work at home. The results of those programs have not been well publicized. The plan also would reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Research reports elsewhere on telecommuting have been generally favorable. Solís plan would favor clean energy By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The national energy plan outlined Monday night would promote a clean energy system of public transportation using alternative fuels and change the rules on importing new and used vehicles. President Luis Guillermo Solís signed a decree making the plan official Monday night. The plan is for 15 years. The plan also promotes what is called distributed generation, which means small-scale electrical generation that would connect to the national power network. This has been tried in a pilot plan, but recent rules have frozen new development. Also signing the document was Edgar Gutiérrez, minister of Ambiente y Energía. The proposals would improve the way electrical rates are calculated and improve the management of public entities in the electrical sector, Casa Presidencial said later. That means the Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad, which is the major power generator. The objectives are to confront climate change with citizen participation, technology, innovation, research to guarantee the security and the competitivity of the country. This is the seventh national energy plan, and the description in general terms is an environmentalist's wish list. But there were no details provided Monday night. Pre-Columbian music expert to talk By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Ethnomusicologist Roy Palavicini will be back at the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica Wednesday at 3 p.m. for a discussion and demonstration of music in pre-Columbian America. The anthropologist is known for leading an excavation at Garza that uncovered a cemetery that contained many musical instruments. Palavicini is expected to discuss his experiences in living with native cultures in Perú, México and here with the Cabécar. This is the second discussion on the topic, and its goes along with the museum's exhibit of early musical instruments. Admission is free. North Korea threatens to nuke U.S. By the A.M. Costa Rica
wire
services
North Korea today said it has restarted normal operations at its main Yongbyon nuclear complex and warned it is ready to use nuclear weapons against the United States at any time. The comments published in the Korean Central News Agency come as Pyongyang also threatens to use banned ballistic missile technology to launch a weather satellite into orbit. The threats constitute a return to the belligerent rhetoric often employed by North Korea in an effort to obtain political concessions from South Korea and the United States, two of its main foes. "All the nuclear facilities in Yongbyon including the uranium enrichment plant and 5 megawatt reactor were rearranged, changed or readjusted and they started normal operations," the news agency reported. Yongbyon is the center that produced the material used in North Korea's three nuclear tests. The complex was shut down in 2007 as part of a deal with the U.S., but parts of it were later restarted. The announcement is certain to be condemned by the U.S. and its allies, which are seen as the main targets for the North's nuclear and ballistic missile programs. South Korea today warned the North against conducting the long-range rocket launch, a day after Pyongyang hinted it may do so during a key political anniversary next month. Such an act would be a serious provocation and a violation of U.N. resolutions banning the North from conducting ballistic missile tests, according to South Korean presidential spokesman Kim Min-seok. However, Kim said Seoul has not seen any signs that Pyongyang is preparing for a launch. North Korean officials Monday vowed to move ahead with plans to launch what they say is a weather satellite into orbit. They gave no time frame for such a launch, but there has been speculation it could happen Oct. 10, the 70th anniversary of the North's ruling Worker's Party. "The world will clearly see a series of satellites... soaring into the sky at the times and locations determined by the WPK central committee," said the Korean Central News Agency, quoting the director of the national aerospace agency. While North Korea insists the launch has peaceful purposes, the U.S. and its ally, South Korea, along with many other nations view such moves as disguised tests of the same technology used in ballistic missiles. Japan, a key ally of the U.S. and a main foe of North Korea, today also warned Pyongyang against a launch. "Even if the missiles are for satellite purposes, firing long-distance missiles is an outright infringement of the U.N. Security Council resolution," said government spokesman Yoshihide Suga. After repeated failed attempts, the North successfully placed a weather satellite into orbit in late 2012, a major technological achievement that brought another punishing round of international sanctions against the isolated, Communist state. The North responded to the sanctions by conducting its third nuclear test in February of 2013. The previous tests were in 2006 and 2009. Any fresh rocket launch or nuclear test risks disrupting a period of warming relations between the two Koreas. The two sides in August exchanged artillery fire near their border, but later signed a landmark agreement to improve ties. Under the deal, the two Koreas next month plan to resume a program of meetings meant to reconnect families separated for decades by their 1950s conflict. Leaders from both countries also plan to hold a series of meetings to discuss improving relations. Relations between Seoul and Pyongyang are notoriously rocky. The two sides remain in a technical state of war since the Korean War ended in a truce instead of a formal peace treaty. |
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A.M. Costa Rica Third News Page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Tuesday, Sept. 15, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 182 | |
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| Book fair bringing many well-known international literary
figures |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The annual book fair that begins Friday expects more than two dozen internationally known literary figures. That includes an author and journalist from Iraq and a famous Nicaragua priest. This is the 15th edition of the Feria Internacional del Libro Costa Rica, and the event is an impressive display of Spanish language literature. Najem Wali is the guest from Iraq, but there also is Lutz Kliche, who is the translator for Ernesto Cardenal, the Nicaraguan liberation theologist and priest. Guests from the Americas range from México to Argentina. There also are invitees from Spain. The Ministerio de Cultura y Juventud is supporting the Cámara Costarricense del Libro in putting on the fair. It runs until Sept. 27 at the Antigua Aduana. |
 In addition to displaying literary works, the fair also provides discussions, workshops, presentations and training. Organizers said that at the inauguration Friday Cardenal would be present. They described him as a Nicaraguan writer, but he also is a close associate of the Sandinista regime there and a former minister of culture. |
| Foreign ministry calls for dialogue in wake of López
trial in Venezuela |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The country's foreign ministry had launched a call for dialogue in Venezuela even as it criticized the trial of Leopoldo López and four student supporters. The Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto said it viewed with deep preoccupation the recent trial and said it hoped that there was judicial guarantees of due process available that an independent judiciary in a democratic state ought to provide. |
López,
44, was sentenced to nearly 14 years in prison in
connection with opposition-led protests last year that turned deadly
when state forces clashed with demonstrators. The trial was closed. He is the leader of the main opposition party, Voluntad Pública. The foreign ministry here also noted that legislative elections are near in Venezuela and called for active participation and unrestricted access for international observers. |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Tuesday, Sept. 15, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 182 | |||||
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| Amnesty says legalize sex trade, but trafficking foe says
jail customers |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Amnesty International has recommended decriminalizing the sex trade as a way to improve the human rights of sex workers and lessen the risk of their human rights being violated. The rights group says decriminalization would mean that sex workers are not forced to live outside the law and would no longer be seen and treated as criminals, making them less at risk of aggressive police tactics and enabling them to demand better protection from authorities. Many human rights advocates, however, say Amnesty’s proposal instead legalizes the exploitation of these workers. There are alternatives, according to Cindy McCain, who heads the Human Trafficking Advisory Council at the McCain Institute for International Leadership. “Adult sex workers most generally started out as children…all too often when they begin all this is they’re either sex slaves, number one; number two, they have no other way to support a family at the age of 12 or 13 or they’re kidnapped and…they wind up in the sex trade and the next thing you know they’re 30 years - old and they’ve been doing it since they were 12," Ms. McCain said, adding that "legalizing it is not the way to go, criminalizing the customers is what we need to take a look at now in a very harsh way.” In a recent op-ed piece for The Washington Post newspaper, Ms. McCain says the industry is not safe, with sex workers in many countries facing untold violence. She says Amnesty’s proposal tells women, men and children that sex work is a safe and accepted choice and that those who pay for sex with them have the human right to do so. She calls on authorities to go after the sex traffickers, saying they are the criminals. “They need to grab for the cartels that are taking these girls and forcing them into this kind of trade. These are cartels. This is organized crime. It is child abuse when you start talking about underage minors. We need to go after the guys that are actually doing this, as well as the customers. These are the same people that traffic animal parts… drugs…guns and they traffic human beings," she said. Ms. McCain said she has traveled to Georgia and other |
countries in
that region where organized crime is heavily involved in the sex trade. In Georgia, Kosovo and other post-conflict countries, Ms. McCain says the decimation is extensive. One does not see many younger women because they have been forced into the sex trade and removed from the country in which they were born. She says in a country like Kosovo, one sees the remnants of what war does to sex trafficking and the result of it. In Ukraine and other countries that are in conflict, Ms. McCain says many women who have not fled or been able to get out with their families will at some point be forced into sex trafficking. She says the effects of war on a country are severe, but the effects on women and children particularly are extremely severe. They are the frontline in all this, she says, and generally bear the brunt. The migrant crisis unfolding in Europe is a tragedy and no different, says Ms. McCain, adding that the people are running for many reasons, be it war or economic factors, and those reasons are legitimate; but with that, she says, comes an element, and that’s where the sex trafficking comes in. Ms. McCain says no little girl says, “Gee, I’m 10 years old and I want to be a prostitute.” Amnesty International says criminalizing the sex trade has increased sex workers’ vulnerability to violence and infringed on their human rights. Amnesty says it chose to advocate for decriminalization after consulting sex workers, survivor and abolitionist groups, HIV agencies, women’s and gay and lesbian rights activists, native women’s groups, anti-trafficking groups and leading academics. Amnesty also stresses that it does not consider a trafficked woman who is forced to sell sex to be a sex worker. Ms. McCain and other human rights advocates argue that decriminalizing sex work puts those in the industry in greater danger by giving no authority to go after those who exploit others for personal profit. They say such a policy would be a step backward in the fight against human trafficking worldwide. |
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A.M. Costa Rica's Fifth news page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Tuesday, Sept. 15, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 182 | |||||||
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| Sanders faces a cold crowd at Christian Liberty University By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders did something few U.S. politicians ever do these days: He took his message to an audience that disagreed with him. Sanders is a progressive liberal who calls himself a democratic socialist. Monday he made his stump speech at Liberty University, the largest evangelical Christian university in the world. In Lynchberg, Virgina, Liberty is where conservative Texas Sen. Ted Cruz had gone last March to declare his Republican candidacy. Sanders waded right in with a declaration of his support for abortion rights, an anathema to the students and faculty at the convocation service. “I believe in women’s rights and the right of a woman to control her own body,” he said. Having established the crux of his disagreement with the evangelical audience, Sanders went on to suggest that there are grounds for agreement. “Let me respectfully suggest there are other issues out there that are of enormous consequence to our country and, in fact, to the entire world that maybe, just maybe, we do not disagree on,” he said. Sanders went on to deliver his key message that income and wealth inequality in the United States have become so stark, they must be addressed. Using Biblical quotes, he cast the issue in ethical terms. "Do you think it is moral that 20 percent of the children in this country, the wealthiest country in the history of the world, are living in poverty?" The audience of 12,000 was not only respectful, but at times responded with applause. Most politicians confine themselves to speaking to audiences they know are supportive. “It is easy to go out and talk to people who agree with you,” Sanders said. But choosing to speak at Liberty was more than a publicity stunt. Sanders believes that his challenge to billionaires and corporate interests will resonate across ideological lines and that that is his path to winning the presidency. But at times Monday, he and Liberty Senior Vice President David Nasser, who fielded questions, seemed to need a translator. Nasser said that Liberty students would agree that children need protection, but “children in the womb need our protection even more. How do you reconcile the two?” When Sanders said it was “unacceptable to discriminate against people because of the color of their skin, Nasser countered, “We would say racism is not so much a skin issue as it is a sin issue.” More arrests are said likely in continuing soccer probe By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
An investigation into corruption in world soccer that implicates the international federation is widening, and more arrests appear likely. U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch said Monday at a news conference in Zurich with Swiss Attorney General Michael Lauber that she expects more indictments and is hopeful the suspects will be extradited. "We do anticipate being able to bring additional charges against individuals and entities," she said. "What I can say is that, separate and apart from the pending indictment, our investigation remains active and ongoing, and has, in fact, expanded since May." There is no word yet on whether Sepp Blatter, Fédération Internationale de Football Association president, would be targeted. Ms. Lynch did not comment on that. Fourteen soccer and marketing officials were indicted in May by the U.S. Justice Department, and six guilty pleas were unsealed in a $150-million bribery and racketeering conspiracy. Meanwhile, Swiss officials searched houses in western Switzerland, and seized evidence and properties in the Swiss Alps as part of a separate money-laundering investigation of World Cup bidding. Lauber said 121 different bank accounts have been reported as suspicious by a Swiss financial intelligence unit. Trump is the target tonight as GOP candidates debate By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Republican presidential contenders will gather Wednesday at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in California for their second nationally televised debate. A total of 11 candidates will be on stage this time, including the current frontrunner, real estate mogul Donald Trump. Trump once again will be the center of attention as he was in the first debate last month in Cleveland. But Trump is expecting plenty of barbs headed his way from Republican rivals intent on seeking to share the spotlight in what has become an unpredictable and heated contest for the party's presidential nomination. “I’ll be attacked. I guess I’m going into a lion’s den,” Trump told reporters this past weekend on the campaign trail in Iowa. “Somebody will attack, somebody like a Rand Paul who is down at 2 percent . . It certainly seems to be unlucky to attack me.” Trump has expanded his lead in public opinion polls since the first debate last month. A new poll shows him with 40 percent support in New Hampshire with fellow newcomer Ben Carson a distant second. Trump also has shown no hesitation in striking back at those who dare to attack him, including South Carolina Sen. Lindsey Graham and former Florida governor Jeb Bush. As Trump’s lead in the polls grows, so apparently does his confidence. During a rally last week in front of the U.S. Capitol featuring opponents of the Iran nuclear deal, Trump continued his habit of making bold promises. “We will have so much winning if I get elected that you may get bored with winning. Believe me! I agree you will never get bored with winning. We never get bored!” he said. This second debate also will feature the only woman in the Republican field, former technology executive Carly Fiorina. She has been the target of Trump barbs for months now, and she recently fired back that she considers Trump an entertainer. Bush has stepped up his criticism of Trump, while Sen. Paul of Kentucky told The Associated Press that someone has to bring him down. Paul added that he was not going to sit quietly by and let “the disaster that is Donald Trump become the nominee." Bush also has been pushing a new blueprint for the economy focused on spurring economic growth. “My plan for the entire economy will create a true revival of the private sector and 19 million new jobs,” Bush told supporters recently in Nevada. Bush has slipped in polling in the key early states of Iowa and New Hampshire, however, and some of his supporters are urging him to take on Trump more directly in the second debate. Among those rivals taking a pass on going after Trump was Ohio Gov. John Kasich, who is building momentum in New Hampshire in recent polls. Kasich told “Fox News Sunday” he would take the time to introduce himself to voters who don’t know much about him. The surge in support for Trump, Carson and, to a lesser extent Ms. Fiorina, suggests there is a strong desire at the moment for political outsiders among Republican primary voters. Carson’s quiet, even-tempered approach is in particular contrast to Trump’s edgy, aggressive campaign. Carson, a political novice, continues to do well with Republicans looking for an alternative. “If I listened to all the people throughout my life who said this has never been done before, this cannot be done, I wouldn’t be talking to you today,” Carson told supporters in California. Among those hoping to grab a share of the limelight in the second debate is Texas Sen. Ted Cruz, who has been very complimentary and deferential to Trump in the race so far. Cruz invited Trump to attend last week’s rally at the Capitol opposing the Iran nuclear deal. “This Iranian nuclear deal is catastrophic. It is the single greatest security threat facing America,” Cruz told those at the rally before giving way to Trump. In the second debate, Trump’s rivals will be looking for ways to attack him without alienating his supporters, said analyst Stuart Rothenberg. “We are at the point now where voters simply want to express frustration and disappointment and anger with the direction of the country, and Republican voters . . . frustration with the president. And so they are looking for someone who gives them voice and Donald Trump certainly does that,” said Rothenberg. The debates also provide the Republican candidates an opportunity to connect with voters, although so far Trump seems to have done better than any of his rivals in that area. The interplay among the contenders in the second debate will also be crucial. “Thinking on their feet is going to be an interesting moment because right now they are still pretty much just mouthing talking points and staying in their individual campaign bubbles,” said Republican analyst Scot Faulkner. The Democratic contenders, including embattled frontrunner Hillary Clinton, won’t hold their first debate until Oct. 13, by which time Vice President Joe Biden may have entered the race. Olive oil in diet cuts risk of breast cancer, study says By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
There is more potentially good news about eating a Mediterranean diet boosted with a sizable supplement of extra virgin olive oil. A small study of Spanish women showed the diet was associated with a relatively lower risk of breast cancer, according to a news release. The study followed two groups of women averaging in their late 60s, 4,282 in total, who were given two variations of a Mediterranean diet, a diet that is heavy on fruits, nuts and vegetables with small portions of fish, lean meat, cheese and wine. One group had their diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil, while another were given nuts instead. Extra virgin olive oil is believed to be healthy because it is manufactured without chemicals or heat which could change its beneficial properties. "Several biological mechanisms could explain the putative anticarcinogenic properties of extra virgin olive oil," the researchers wrote. Starting in 2003, the olive oil group received a liter per week for them and their families, and the nut group received 15 grams of walnuts, 7.5 grams of almonds and another 7.4 grams of hazelnuts. In 2009, those who had the olive oil showed a 68 percent lower risk of malignant breast cancer compared to a control group, while those eating nuts had similar rates of cancer as the control group. “The Mediterranean dietary pattern has attracted considerable attention because, historically, breast cancer rates have been lower in Mediterranean countries than in northern or central European countries or the United States," the researchers wrote. The study, which was led by researchers at the University of Navarra in Pamplona, Spain, did have a couple shortcomings. The women studied were originally enrolled to study the effects of the Mediterranean diet on heart disease. Also, researchers say they still can’t tell if the olive oil was the reason or if it was adherence to the diet. Researchers say the results of the study suggest a beneficial effect of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with olive oil in the primary prevention of breast cancer. Breast cancer is the second most deadly cancer in the U.S., with 232,000 diagnoses this year, according to the American Cancer Society. Roughly 40,000 will die of the disease. Sierra Nevada snowpack called lowest in 500 years By the University of Arizona news staff
Snowpack in California's Sierra Nevada in 2015 was at the lowest level in the past 500 years, according to a new report led by University of Arizona researchers. The team's research is the first to show how the 2015 snowpack compares with snowpack levels for the previous five centuries. "Our study really points to the extreme character of the 2014-15 winter. This is not just unprecedented over 80 years. It's unprecedented over 500 years," said Valerie Trouet, an associate professor of dendrochronology at the university's Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research. "We should be prepared for this type of snow drought to occur much more frequently because of rising temperatures," Ms. Trouet said. "Anthropogenic warming is making the drought more severe." California's current record-setting drought began in 2012, the researchers note in their report. On April 1 of this year, California Gov. Jerry Brown declared the first-ever mandatory water restrictions throughout the state while standing on dry ground at 6,800-foot elevation in the Sierra Nevada. The historical average snowpack on that site is more than five feet, according to the California Department of Water Resources. The lack of snow in 2015 stems from extremely low winter precipitation combined with record high temperatures in California in January, February and March, Ms. Trouet said. About 80 percent of California's precipitation occurs in the winter months, she said. Snowpack level is generally measured on April 1 each year, a time when the snowpack is at its peak. "Snow is a natural storage system," she said. "In a summer-dry climate such as California, it's important that you can store water and access it in the summer when there's no precipitation." |
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| A.M. Costa Rica's sixth news page |
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 University
of Queensland/Kathy Townsend
A green turtle (Chelonia mydas) that was among
those studied.Plastic endangers sea turtles, study says By the University of Queensland news staff
An international study led by a University of Queensland researcher has revealed more than half the world’s sea turtles have ingested plastic or other human rubbish. The study, led by Qamar Schuyler, found the east coasts of Australia and North America, Southeast Asia, southern Africa, and Hawaii were particularly dangerous for turtles due to a combination of debris loads and high species diversity. “The results indicate that approximately 52 per cent of turtles world-wide have eaten debris,” Schuyler said. The study examined threats to six marine turtle species from an estimated four million to 12 million tons of plastic which enter the oceans annually. Plastic ingestion can kill turtles by blocking the gut or piercing the gut wall, and can cause other problems through the release of toxic chemicals into the animals’ tissues. “Australia and North America are lucky to host a number of turtle species, but we also therefore have a responsibility to look after our endangered wildlife,” Schuyler said. “One way to do that is to reduce the amount of debris entering the oceans via our rivers and coastlines.” A previous study by Schuyler and colleagues showed that plastics and other litter that entered the marine environment were mistaken for food or eaten accidentally by turtles and other wildlife. The risk analysis found that olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) were at the highest risk due to their feeding behavior and distribution. Olive ridley turtles commonly eat jellyfish and other floating animals and often feed in the open ocean where debris accumulates. This research echoes the results of a similar study on seabirds published two weeks ago which found that more than 60 per cent of seabird species had ingested debris, and that number was expected to reach 99 per cent by 2050. |
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| From Page 7: Firms to be paid to hire new workers By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The Solís administration announced a plan Monday that would pay companies that hire new employees. The program is Mi Primer Empleo, and the goal is to put 30,000 persons to work. The program is directed by the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Comercio, which is working with the Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje and the Sistema de Banca para el Desarrollo, which will provide the money. Employers will get 1.46 million colons or about $2,750 in two payments for hiring individuals 35 and under for a year. The government goal is to find jobs for women, the disabled, those from lower-income areas and those most affected by unemployment. Salaries, social security charges, aguinaldos and employee injury insurance would be higher than the amount offered by the government, even if the employee was hired at the most basic minimum salary. But the money would be an incentive to provide training. Persons who already are enrolled in other government programs to provide job skills would be eligible. |
