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José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 173
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 Ministerio de Obras Públicas y
Transportes photo
The Servicio
Nacional de Guardacostas in Cieneguita, Limón, nowhas a floating dock worth 200 million colons, some $378,000. The amount includes a number of land-based improvements, including a roofed area and parking spaces. Solís budget gets expected responses By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The president's budget met with the type of receptions that could be expected. Supporters in the central government praise it as a bare bones, austere spending plan. Opponents are talking about Greece. The Poder Judicial said, for example, that the part of the budget that relates to the judiciary is the most austere in the last 11 years. The Poder Judicial section proposes an increase of 5.48 percent over last year. The judicial budget is about $804 million. That is not a big part of the $15.1 billion president's budget. Of that amount, the central government plans to borrow 46 percent, about $7 billion, to pay bills. President Luis Guillermo Solís said on a speech Sunday that the budget would have just a .5 percent increase. Some analysts say the increase is about .54 percent or maybe even 2.5 percent on how the math is done and whether the original budget of last year is used as a base. That budget had a 19 percent increase until lawmakers balked and the spending proposals were cut slightly. Antonio Alvarez Desanti, a leader in the Partido Liberación Nacional was the lawmaker who compared the country's situation to approaching that of struggling Greece. He said the country's fiscal situation was not faced seriously. The party itself issued a statement saying that the people cannot be expected to pay more unless there is an effort to cut expenses by the central government. That was in reference to the president's proposal for a value-added tax to replace the current sales tax and increases in the income tax rate. Of course, Liberación has run the country for eight of the last 10 years and has contributed to the soaring debt. The budget now goes to a legislative committee for discussion. Like last year, lawmakers probably will respond with a lot of rhetoric and some request for cuts in the budget, but in the end, most observers say that the budget probably will be passed along with the tax proposals. Affirmative action plan proposed By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
A lawmaker is proposing quotas for state universities that would benefit public secondary students, and various minority groups. The lawmaker is Epsy Campbell Barr of the Partido Acción Ciudadana. The party issued a press release Tuesday in which it outlined the lawmaker's plan. The goal is to reduce the gap between persons who are graduated from public high schools and those who attend private schools, said the release. Private school students generally rank higher on university entrance examinations. In addition, the lawmaker wants quotas for Afro-Costa Ricans and native youngsters based on the percentage of these populations in the total Costa Rican population, said the release. The release said that the plan would benefit 7,000 students in the country. In addition, the lawmaker wants to reserve 50 percent of these slots for students from rural areas or from low-income urban zones. She characterized the proposal as affirmative action. The press release said that the lawmaker had been with student representatives from the various public universities and that they favored the proposal, which will be converted into a bill for submission to the legislature. Study: Being fat could be food addiction By the European College of
Neuropsychopharmacology news staff
An international group of researchers have found that food craving activates different brain networks between obese and normal weight patients. This indicates that the tendency to want food may be hard-wired into the brain of overweight patients, becoming a functional brain biomarker. Treating obesity is a health priority, but most efforts aside from bariatric surgery have met with little success. In part, this is because the mechanisms associated with the desire to eat are poorly understood. Recently, studies are beginning to suggest that the brain mechanisms underlying obesity may be similar to those in substance addiction, and that treatment methodologies may be approached in the same way as other substance addictions, such as alcohol or drug addiction. To test this, a group of researchers in the University of Granada, Spain, and Monash University in Australia, have looked for the functional connectivity differences in brain reward systems of normal-weight and obese individuals. The researchers gave buffet-style food to 39 obese and 42 normal-weight individuals. Later, they were put into functional MRI brain scanners and shown photographs of the food to stimulate food craving. The functional MRI scans showed that food craving was associated with different brain connectivity, depending on whether the subject was normal-weight or overweight. They found that in obese individuals, the stimulus from food craving was associated with reward-based habits. However, with normal weight individuals, food craving was associated with a greater connectivity between different parts of the brain. The researchers then measured Body Mass Index three months afterwards and found that 11 percent of the weight gain in the obese individuals could be predicted by the presence of the increased connectivity between the dorsal caudate and the somatosensory cortex areas of the brain. According to lead researcher, Oren Contreras-Rodríguez: “There is an ongoing controversy over whether obesity can be called a food addiction, but in fact there is very little research which shows whether or not this might be true. The findings in our study support the idea that the reward processing following food stimuli in obesity is associated with neural changes similar to those found in substance addiction. "This still needs to be viewed as an association between food craving behavior and brain changes, rather than one necessarily causing the other. However, these findings provide potential brain biomarkers which we can use to help manage obesity, for example through pharmacotherapies and brain stimulation techniques that might help control food intake in clinical situations”. |
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A.M. Costa Rica Third News Page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 173 | |
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| Gold miners in Abangares say government put them out of work | |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
First it was the shrimp fishermen who were out of work because their trawler nets damaged the reefs, according to the Sala IV. Now gold miners in Abangares are complaining because the Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía shut down the mines there. The gold mining is a long tradition, and it is small scale. The miners told lawmakers Tuesday that they have been out of work because they do not want to risk jail to keep mining the gold. Lawmakers set up a round table Tuesday that included miners, Jorge Calvo Calvo, the mayor of the Municipalidad Abangares, Edgar Gutiérrez Espeleta, minister of Ambiente y Energía, Fernando Llorca, minister of Salud, and Gerardo |
Alvarado,
general manager of the Instituto Mixta de Ayuda Social The miners complained that there are no other sources of jobs in the area. These are hard rock miners who work in tunnels. The miners said that as many as 1,000 heads of families were out of work. Lawmakers in the Comisión de Guanacaste, seem sympathetic to the miner's plight. They promised the miners that they would look into the situation. Meanwhile, the Instituto Mixto de Ayuda Social is paying each family from 50,000 to 100,000 colons, and it has been doing so for more than two weeks. That is about $100 to $200. |
A policeman's lot The job site does not look like much now, but soon this will be the new police station in Liberia. The construction is supposed to be done by the end of the year, and furnishing will be completed in January, according to the Ministerio de Seguridad Pública. This is nearly a $2 million project that will house 165 men and 30 women officers. The money comes from the Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. Other stations are going up in Carrandí, Guararí, Palmares, Alajuela, Santa Cruz, Sarapiquí, Pérez Zeledón, Esparza, Puntarenas and Parrita. |
 Ministerio
de Seguridad Pública photo
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| Three presentations of zarzuela planned for Teatro Nacional |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The uniquely Spanish zarzuela will be presented three evenings this week, beginning Thursday at 8 p.m. The Orquesta Sinfónica Nacional and the 43-voice Coro de la Compañía Lírica Nacional will back up Cuban soprano Bárbara Llanes, Peruvian tenor Juan Antonio de Dompablo and Costa Rican tenor Fitzgerald Ramos. The director is Carlos Aransay from Spain. |
Among the
works presented will be two from the 20th century, “Luisa
Fernanda” and “Doña Francisquita” Although zarzuela is considered to be Spanish, Cubans also have developed their own style, and some zarzuela cubana is promised. Additional presentations will be Friday at 8 p.m. and Sunday at 10:30 a.m. in the Teatro Nacional. Tickets for general admission are 10,000 colons, about $19. |
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| A.M. Costa Rica's Fourth News page | |||||
| San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 173 | |||||
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| Right to be forgotten on Internet seems to have a healthy price tag | |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Income inequality affects who has access to good schools, health care, and even tax planners to find cushy loopholes. Now inequality may be creeping into a lesser-known realm: the right to be forgotten. This issue is a new one, with internet users, mostly in Europe, complaining that ugly details about their past should be taken offline, mostly by Google. The controversy pits privacy rights against free speech, or the right to public information. But if, for example, people have decades-old criminal records they don’t want publicized online, who can afford to fight in court for their right to be forgotten? Robert Grosvenor, senior member of the privacy and data protection practice at consulting firm Promontory, said the answer is likely politicians, business people, and other powerful figures. Yet it is typically in cases with such prominent positions that greater scrutiny serves the public interest. “There will be two groups,” said John Vong, a former U.N. adviser and the lead organizer of the Data Privacy Asia conference in Singapore Aug. 25 to 27. In one group are the big guys who can take their privacy battles to court, Vong said, and in the other are the small guys who can’t afford it. Grosvenor said this divide might emerge because individual citizens would pick the battles if governments and Google don’t take responsibility. It’s not in a search engine’s business model to delete links, he said, and the state might not have the resources to monitor and manage so many complaints. Nevertheless, “In most situations you'd expect the regulator or the judiciary to make public-interest decisions,” Grosvenor said, speaking on a panel at the conference. Francoise Gilbert, general counsel at the Cloud Security |
Alliance,
agreed search engines should not be the arbiters of information,
deciding when privacy concerns outweigh the public’s right to know. But she pointed to a Google page on which the company explains how it responded to more than a dozen requests for link removals. It purged links for a Belgian whose criminal conviction was overturned, a Latvian activist stabbed at a protest, and a Swede not wanting her address known, for example. Google decided, however, that a French priest who had child porn, a Hungarian official with a criminal record, and an Austrian couple accused of business fraud did not have the right to be forgotten. Most high-profile cases so far have involved Europeans suing Google. But that is likely to change as citizens from Mexico to Japan take up the debate. In Russia, President Vladimir Putin signed an EU-style law in July that demands search engines delete results containing inaccurate or illegally-disclosed personal information. In South Korea, lawyer Park Kwang Bae said the EU court decisions triggered discussions about the right to be forgotten. Other news already had Koreans worrying about privacy, from suicides connected to cyber bullying, to a credit card data theft that hit 40 percent of the country, including the president and U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. Park, a partner at Lee & Ko, said Korea already has one of the stiffest data protection laws in the world and might consider codifying the right to be forgotten. But he doesn’t want regulations to sanitize the Internet. “If in limited situations it needs to be allowed” then he would accept link deletion, Park said, “but it can’t be general.” |
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A.M. Costa Rica's Fifth news page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 173 | |||||||
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| Pope give priests the power to absolve sin of abortion By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Pope Francis is calling for priests to absolve women of the sin of abortion during the upcoming Holy Year of Mercy, a move that breaks with the traditional stance of the Roman Catholic Church. In a letter published Tuesday by the Vatican before the Jubilee year starting in December, the pope said he knew abortion is experienced by some with a superficial awareness, but that many others believe that they have no other option. He declared priests can give absolution to women who repent with a contrite heart. The Argentine pontiff said he is well aware of the pressure some women face in order to abort, adding that he had "met so many women who bear in their heart the scar of this agonizing and painful decision." The Catholic Church views abortion as a serious sin, punishable by excommunicating and expelling those guilty from the Church and condemning them to hell in the afterlife. Francis is the first non-European pope in 1,300 years and the first to show tolerance regarding taboo topics, although he has shown no intention of retracting the Catholic Church’s opposition to abortion. The pope has alarmed conservatives within the Church for speaking on the issue with a less forceful tone than his predecessors. Francis said God's forgiveness cannot be denied to those who repent, and therefore gave all priests the power to absolve the sin in the Holy Year of Mercy, which runs from December 8, 2015 until November 20, 2016. Previously priests needed approval of their bishop. More concerns are emerging over Chinese economy By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Worries about China's economic growth were sharpened by a disappointing report on that nation's huge manufacturing sector Tuesday, sparking another global stock sell-off. In London and New York, shares lost 3 percent, while Paris and Germany dropped around 2.4 percent. Prices on the Shanghai market fell drastically at Tuesday's open, but regained some strength to close at a loss of just over 1 percent, as Chinese officials insisted the situation was under control. China's official manufacturing index for August fell slightly to its lowest level since 2012. A survey by Markit, which focuses on smaller private firms, showed factory activity at the weakest performance level in six and a half years. China is evolving from an export-driven manufacturing economy toward one based more on services and domestic demand. The world's second-largest economy also is struggling with market-oriented reforms intended to make it more efficient and productive. China has been an engine of economic growth for many years, so changes, and setbacks there, ripple through the global economy, affecting stock and commodity prices in particular. The developments have been so significant that Japan’s finance minister, Taro Aso, suggested Tuesday that the Chinese economy be a focus of this week’s meeting of the Group of 20 major economies. Aso said that instead of being swayed by superficial market moves, he believes it is important to understand the structural issues affecting markets in China. “I think it’s beneficial to hold a frank debate at G20 on what is happening in the Chinese economy,” Aso said. During a visit to Indonesia Tuesday, Christine Lagarde, the International Monetary Fund director, urged emerging economies to be vigilant for spillovers from China’s slowdown. Ms. Lagarde said China’s slowdown was not sharp or unexpected. But it's clear, she said, that the country is adjusting to a new growth model. "The transition to a more market-based economy and the unwinding of risks built up in recent years is complex and could well be somewhat bumpy," she said. China has unleashed a flood of measures to defend market prices, but the index continues to fall. The main index in Shanghai is down about 40 percent since mid-June. Turkish police raid firms linked to media conglomerate By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Turkish police launched a series of raids Tuesday on businesses owned by a major media company in what now appears to be the start of a fresh crackdown on newspapers and broadcasters critical of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his Islamist Justice and Development Party, say rights groups. The raids on the Koza Ipek group, a mining-to-media conglomerate, came just days after a whistleblower with a credible track record warned on Twitter that President Erdogan was planning a crackdown on the press ahead of a snap election slated for November. The whistleblower’s disclosure came as new regulations went into force giving the government greater control over the issuing of press cards and media accreditation. According to the state-run Anadolu Agency, 23 media businesses owned by the Koza Ipek group were searched on suspicion of providing financial support to the well-known Muslim cleric Fethullah Gulen, who is now in exile in the United States. Gulen was once an ally of the Turkish president but has become one of his fiercest critics. Turkish police have so far declined to comment on the raids, but Erkan Akkus, news editor at two of the group’s TV stations, said the holding company's headquarters and the main studios of the television stations in Ankara, as well as the chairman's home, were being searched. “The aim here is to silence the opposition media ahead of an election,” Akkus said in a statement. “It is wrong to see this as aimed just at our group. They are starting with us to test the waters, and if it doesn't spark an outcry, it could then spread to other media groups.” A rising number of journalists are currently facing legal proceedings in Turkey on a variety of accusations that include insulting top officials. Most of the cases date back to December, when dozens of journalists and media executives were detained. The prosecutions, which are continuing, have drawn condemnation from international rights groups. The European Parliament rebuked Ankara for the December sweep of journalists, some of whom were held on terrorism charges. Independent newspapers and broadcasters have long been locked in a battle with the government, which says the media is all too frequently irresponsible in its coverage. In January, President Erdogan delivered a tongue-lashing to the secular opposition newspaper Cumhuriyet for publishing excerpts, from French magazine Charlie Hebdo, as a gesture of solidarity in the wake of the terror attack that left eight of the satirical magazine’s staff dead at the hands of gun-toting Islamic militants. Changes in Arctic causing concerns about free passage By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Diminishing Arctic sea ice is intensifying U.S. focus not only on concerns about global warming, security and energy, but also on issues of shipping, mineral exploration and fishing. All are intertwined, and each is of vital global interest. International rules covering the preservation and development of this region have yet to be established, however, and likely will take center stage in the coming months. President Barack Obama is urging the U.S. Congress to approve a faster track for building a new heavy icebreaker, moving its completion date from 2022 to 2020. The American leader is in the midst of a three-day visit to Alaska, the country's remotest state. He is using its scenic, but fragile, landscape as a backdrop to call attention to a doomsday scenario caused by rising temperatures that could leave entire nations and major coastal cities underwater. With melting ice in the Arctic, the need for the new vessel might seem contradictory. But as the Arctic waters become more accessible for trade routes and drilling for oil and natural gas, far more ship traffic could be at risk, with shifting climate conditions leading to unpredictable freezing seas. The Arctic seabed may hold nearly a quarter of the world's untapped oil and gas. The heavy icebreakers are costly, with a $1 billion price tag. But the U.S. is down to just two of them, falling far behind Russia, which has 40. Heather Conley, director of the Europe Program at the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies, said "we desperately need a forum to discuss these emerging security issues." "Looking at the overarching response we are seeing of Russia’s approach to the Arctic, I would say we are looking at an emerging picture of anti-access and area denial, and that is a very different message than we had seen even 12 to 16 months ago.” Scientists seeking answers on why 30 whales have died By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
While President Barack Obama is in Alaska, he might have this question: Why have 30 dead whales washed ashore from the Gulf of Alaska since May? Scientists with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have mobilized a research team to find out. Marine scientist Deborah Fauquier said that on average only eight whale carcasses are found per year. “It was definitely elevated, and for us it was a reason of concern,” she said. Ms. Fauquier said the extreme mortality event was complicated and that scientists were considering a range of factors, including disease, predation, starvation, ship strikes and harmful algae. While most algae are safe, the less common toxic variety can cause brain damage or death. The largest such bloom in more than a decade appeared in June along the Pacific Coast from California to Alaska, in part because of warm water and sunny, calm weather. The blooms had some of highest concentrations of the natural toxin domoic acid ever observed in Monterrey Bay and off the central Oregon coast, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Northwest Fisheries Science Center. “We’re taking advantage of our active surveys to focus research on a serious concern for coastal communities and the seafood industry,” said Eileen Sobeck, assistant administrator for fisheries at the agency. “The better we understand what’s happening out on the water, the better we can address the impacts.” Ms. Fauquier noted that in the ocean, toxins move up the food chain. “Some of the whales actually filter the phytoplankton and the zooplankton, which are the little insects that eat the grass in the sea. So, they get the toxins through that method. The other one is that they eat the fish that eat those. So it just depends where on the food web they eat, and as you go higher up the food web, more toxin gets concentrated.” The waters around Alaska are warming, a trend that began in 2014 and continues today with temperatures 3 degrees Celsius above normal. Scientists say the warming is due to an El Niño weather event and wind patterns, and is not linked to climate change. Raids in 20 states target illegal steroid production By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
U.S. drug agents have arrested more than 90 people and seized 16 underground labs in a 20-state operation targeting illegal steroids. The Drug Enforcement Administration's Operation Cyber Juice involved more than 30 investigations and netted 636 kilos of steroid powder, 8,200 liters of raw steroid injectable liquid, and more than $2 million in currency and other assets, the Justice Department announced Tuesday. In the western state of Arizona alone, the agents seized four labs and nearly 150,000 dosage units of the finished product. Underground labs often are found to have finished steroid product, raw steroid powder, oils needed for steroid conversion to a finished product, conversion kits and other lab equipment, authorities said. "These products are commonly obtained via the Internet from Chinese chemical manufacturing companies and underground labs," the agency said in a statement. "Too many young people are ruining their lives and damaging their bodies from steroid use," acting DEA Administrator Chuck Rosenberg said. "Through Operation Cyber Juice, DEA is attacking the global underground steroid market, exposing its dangers and lies." Over the course of the operation, the DEA worked with U.S. and global authorities, including Europol and the World Anti-Doping Agency. "For a long time now, the World Anti-Doping Agency has been concerned about the illegal activity in some countries of underground production of and trade of anabolic steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs," World Anti-Doping Agency Director General David Howman said. "These substances, either as full steroid products or in raw material form, are being produced in unsanitary underground laboratories with no concern whatsoever given to the labeling of the products, nor to the health of the end user — quite often the athlete, and worryingly, very often young people." Obama and Saudi leader plan to meet this Friday By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Against the backdrop of war in Iraq, Yemen and Syria, and concerns about Iran’s behavior, U.S. President Barack Obama will welcome Saudi King Salman to the White House Friday. It will be the Arab leader’s first visit to the United States since ascending the throne in January following the death of King Abdullah. The one-on-one talks between President Obama and the Saudi king could not come at a more tumultuous time in the Middle East, as a U.S.-led coalition fights Islamic State militants in Iraq and Syria, and a Saudi-led coalition beats back Iranian-supported Houthi rebels in Yemen. |
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| A.M. Costa Rica's sixth news page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2015, Vol. 16, No. 173 | |||||||||
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 Consejo
Nacional de Vialidad
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Road crews are redoing nine kilometers between Belén and Santa
Cruz in Guanacaste. The 900-million colon job should be done by the middle of October. Until then there are restrictions on the route, which is Ruta 21. Traffic lights still a spot for robberies By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Motorists, mostly women, continue to be in danger when they drive the Circunvalación in the Hatillo area. The highway has several traffic lights in that section and small traffic jams are frequent. This is the area of window-breaking robbers who seek out women alone in their vehicle smash the glass and steal whatever is on the passenger seat, usually a purse. Police parole the area, but the crooks usually take a break when they see officers. Many of the crooks are well under 18. Even when a window breaker is caught, justice is far from swift. Fuerza Pública officers said they detained a man in Hatillo 6 Monday and found out that he had two warrants outstanding from the flagrancy courts. One was for aggravated robbery and the other was for simple robbery. The arrest was made at one of those Hatillo traffic lights. The arrest warrants suggest that the 21 year old had been detained twice for breaking windows and trying to take purses. The flagrancy courts are supposed to dispose of cases involving persons caught in the act. But it appears that the man who was arrested never served a sentence. 12 persons intercepted at border By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Frontier police halted the journey of 12 citizens of Nepal who appeared to be headed to the United States. The interception came in a wooded area near the Nicaraguan border in Peñas Blacas, said the Ministerio de Seguridad. The visitors did not have any identification papers, said police. This is the second group of individuals from Nepal who have been intercepted this year. |
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| From Page 7: Tax years come to a close at end of month By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The new year is coming. This is not the one welcomed with party hats and popping corks. This is the beginning of the next fiscal year, which means a lot of work for those in business. Most companies use the standard fiscal year of Oct. 1 to Sept. 30, although the law allows for a request for variations. According to law, two months and 15 days after the close of the fiscal year, income taxes are due. The date can be no later than Dec. 15, which is the date for this year. The Ministerio de Hacienda has proposed changing the fiscal year to coincide with the calendar year. That is in the tax proposals that are being considered in the legislature. The big problem each year is filling out the D-151 form that is supposed to list all the major expenses and who got them as well as significant amounts of income. The Dirección General de Tributación double checks these to make sure they coincide with the payor and payee. |
