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San
José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, July 29, 2015, Vol. 15, No. 148
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Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute
photo
This is the yellow-spotted sand
goby, Coryphopterus curasubAnother new
tropical reef fish discovered
By the Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute news staff
The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute says one of its teams has found a new reef fish off Curaçao. The fish takes its name, published in the journal ZooKeys July 17, from Substation Curaçao’s Curasub, a submersible that caters to tourists, adventurers and researchers Discoveries keep bubbling up from the Caribbean Sea as Carole Baldwin and Ross Robertson of the Smithsonian Institution’s Deep Reef Observation Project name a fourth new tropical fish, the yellow-spotted sand goby, Coryphopterus curasub. Since their first expedition in 2011, Smithsonian marine scientists have collected more than 100 fishes, about a third of which are new to science. Their findings underscore how little is known about the incredible biological diversity of the Caribbean’s deep reefs. “Every new place we go along the coast of Curaçao we find something we have not seen and collected before,” said Robertson, a staff scientist at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. The new fish, found 70 to 80 meters, around 230 to 260 feet, below the surface, is the deepest-dwelling addition to its genus, which now includes 12 species in the western Atlantic and one in the eastern Pacific, The discovery of a goby at this depth raises questions about how it differs from its shallower brethren. In addition to differences in its mitochondrial DNA, its pattern of spots and some physical features of its fins also distinguish C. curasub from other gobies. Robertson and Ms. Baldwin, a scientist at the National Museum of Natural History, have made dozens of trips to Curaçao’s reefs, reaching depths of 320 meters, around 1,000 feet. Their pioneering work establishes a baseline for the biodiversity of deep Caribbean reefs, which will help scientists determine how these ecosystems are being affected by human activity and global change. “New advances in diving technology, including subs that go to much greater depths, provides access we rarely had before,” said Robertson, whose body of work includes exhaustive guides to the shallow reef fish of the Caribbean and tropical eastern Pacific. “What we have been finding shows the value of working for years in one place. We expect to see similar things if we go elsewhere in the Caribbean.” Cruz Roja volunteers will play cleanup By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
This weekend's pilgrimage to Cartago is not without its trash, so the Cruz Roja for the second year is spearheading a project to collect and recycle the leavings. The project is called EcoRomería 2015 and includes public and private partnerships. The Cruz Roja said it will have the help of hundreds of volunteers to classify and distribute the trash for recycling. The work will continue through Sunday. Pair on motorcycle held in Aserrí stickup By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Fuerza Pública officers Monday detained two men on a motorcycle as suspects in the stickup of a supermarket in Aserrí. a short time earlier. The men tried to evade a checkpoint in San Pedro, and that aroused the interest of police. The pair were stopped and police learned they matched the description of two men who used a firearm and a sharp object to steal money, telephone cards and cell telephones in Aserrí. Report on Latin economies is due today Special to A.M. Costa Rica
The Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean will present next today its "Economic Survey of Latin American and Caribbean 2015," a publication updating growth estimates for the region’s countries in the current year. The commission's executive secretary, Alicia Bárcena, will present the report during a press conference that will be held at the organization’s headquarters in Santiago, Chile, and will be broadcast live via Internet at the institution’s Web site. "The Economic Survey of Latin American and Caribbean 2015" is one of the commission's most important annual reports. It analyzes Latin America and the Caribbean’s economic performance during the year’s first semester and delivers the perspectives for the following months. Additionally, in this edition the thematic chapters of the Survey will be focused on examining the dynamics of investment in Latin American countries, their relationship with the economic cycle, the role of public investment, the lack of infrastructure and the financial challenges of private investment. China's stock market dips rattle investors By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Trading in China was volatile Tuesday but ended lower, a day after the country's stocks suffered their steepest plunge in eight years. The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index closed down about 1.7 percent, after falling as much as 5 percent after opening. On Monday, the index lost 8.5 percent, the biggest single-day plunge since 2007. Many Chinese investors have been rattled by rumors that Beijing plans to back off its support for the stock market, which had been recovering for the past two weeks following a month-long sell-off. The state-run China Securities Finance Corp. on Tuesday stressed it will continue to buy stocks to stabilize the market. The People's Bank of China also said it would inject over $8 billion into money markets The turmoil in China has also affected global investors. European markets on Monday dropped to two-week lows, and U.S. indices were down for the fifth straight session.
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San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, July 29, 2015, Vol. 15, No. 148 |
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Four held as bandit gang members who targeted bank customers |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Judicial agents picked up three men and a woman Tuesday and said they were the gang that has been robbing bank customers all over the country. The robberies were violent, and four victims were shot without any warning, said the Judicial Investigating Organization. The shootings took place in Moravia, Heredia, Cartago and Curridabat, the agency said. The woman is 53, and she with one of the three men was called the spotter. She and her associate would enter a bank as customers and spot someone who had withdrawn a substantial sum of cash, agents alleged. The spotters would follow the victim outside and relay the information about direction and type of clothing to two |
confederates
on
a motorcycle. They would do the robberies, agents said During the arrests Tuesday, agents said they found disguises, wigs and changes of clothing that were used in the crimes. Agents said that at least 17 robberies in Pérez Zeledón, Guápiles, Cartago, San José and Heredia are attributed to the gang. They took place from March to October last year. A fifth member made the mistake of trying to rob a man outside the offices of the lottery agency, the Junta de Protection Social, last December. A bodyguard shot him dead, agents noted. The arrests were made Tuesday in Playa Ocotal in Guanacaste, Zapote, Hatillo and Higuito de Desamparados, according to the agency. Agents said they found a firearm and a large quantity of ammunition. |
WOOD
Artist uses
an ancient technique
Electronic cameras are freely available and cheap. Even cell telephones have them. Snap! and a photo is created. But not for Mariano Arias, who creates his illustrations with woodcuts. That means he labors intensely over a block of wood to create a relief of the scene. And then he prints it. The artist's work will be on display at the Galería Dinorah Bolandi from Thursday to Oct. 4. The 22 works are of the markets of San José with an emphasis on the Mercado Central that was founded in 1880. The exposition is in the Teatro Popular Melico Salazar. The artist is a graduate of the Universidad de Costa Rica and uses native woods in his work. |
The former Mercado Borbon, which was on
Avenida 7.
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Foreign convict who did a long stretch for rape is expelled
for 25 years |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
The immigration agency said Tuesday it had expelled a Nicaraguan for 25 years after he had completed a prison term for raping a minor. The man was turned over to Nicaraguan officials at the Peñas Blancas border post, said the Dirección General de |
Migración
y Extranjería. The man, who has the last names of Arzon Suazo, was a permanent resident, but the immigration agency cited laws that permitted the action. The stipulation of 25 years in unusual. Typically foreigners are expelled for various reasons for from five to 10 years. |
You need to see Costa Rican tourism information HERE! |
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San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, July 29, 2015, Vol. 15, No. 148 |
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Researchers are trying to capture and save the whole
spectrum of DNA |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
A major international effort is in progress to collect and preserve half the genomic diversity of life on Earth. And the time is running out. Earth is in the midst its sixth mass extinction. The last such event 66 million years ago killed off the dinosaurs and practically everything else. Among the estimated 11 million species alive today, only 2 million are described by science. Many may disappear before they even have a name. Scientists are taking advantage of new genomic technology, however, to speed up the classification process. They are hoping to collect samples from all major branches of the family tree. Every known species of plant and animal is grouped with related species into a larger genus level, and related genera is organized into still larger families. On a warm summer day at the U.S. Botanic Garden, a small group of researchers is collecting samples for the Global Genome Initiative. The ultimate goal, according to Vicki Funk, a senior research botanist with the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, is "trying to get one-half of the diversity of plant life on Earth at the genus level in two years.” That’s a big task. Some 200,000 plant genera are grouped into about 500 scientific families. Ms. Funk expects to collect samples from half those families within two months from this one huge greenhouse. “If you look around you, you see all kinds of plants from all over the world growing right next to one another. So instead of going to Madagascar to get a plant and Hawaii to get a plant, you can get it in rooms that are adjacent to one another,” she said. This is a test-run for a process that will be used at 36 partner institutions in 17 countries. Ms. Funk is trailed by a small volunteer team that helps photograph a long-stemmed pink flower called Sabatia and takes snippets that are put into silica gel, dropped into liquid nitrogen and then frozen. Ms. Funk clipped a blossom and pressed it in a plant book for the museum’s herbarium. Next on their sampling agenda are the chocolate tree, native to South America, the snowflake aloe, a rare succulent native to Madagascar, and the Sida, one of the original flowers used for making garlands called leis so popular in Hawaii. All the samples are numbered and linked in a database. The frozen specimens are taken to the Smithsonian National |
Smithsonian Institution/ Donald E. Hurlbert
Worker handles a
cryo-preserved sample in the Smithsonian’s biorepository, a complex of
sub-zero freezers.Museum of Natural History Genomics Laboratory for DNA analysis. Jonathan Coddington, who directs Global Genome Initiative at the museum, said the project is on target to gather samples from all 10,000 plant and animal families, and half the genera within five years. “Just into our biorepository in the pipeline I have over 2,000 families and close to 12,000 genera,” he said. That biorepository is the largest such facility in the world. “What we want to do is organize it and get a lot of information evenly spaced out across all of life from bacteria to human,” Coddington explained. “We are now focused on continuing to strategically grow new collaborations with botanic gardens worldwide that share our mission to preserve and unlock the genomic mysteries of plants." That means a lot of science can get done across many disciplines. On one morning at the Botanic Garden, college student Kristen Van Neste is working alongside Ms. Funk. “What we are doing is important because it is not just for our use, but for future use,” she said. Ms. Van Neste, who is studying to be a conservation ecologist, said she is excited to be a part of the initiative scientists will use to identify species, solve ecosystem problems, monitor effects of climate change and seek new cures for diseases. |
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Pollard's lawyer says parole is likely just six months away By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Lawyers for convicted Israeli spy Jonathan Pollard said Tuesday that U.S. officials have decided to free him in November after 30 years in federal prison. A three-member panel of the Justice Department's Parole Commission granted Pollard his release after federal authorities raised no objections and said they do not believe he will commit more crimes. Speaking through his attorneys from his North Carolina prison cell, Pollard said he is looking forward to being reunited with his wife, Esther. He also thanked the "many thousands of well-wishers in the United States, in Israel and throughout the world who provided grassroots support by attending rallies, sending letters, making phone calls to elected officials, and saying prayers for my welfare." Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu welcomed Pollard's upcoming release, saying he brought up the issue many times with U.S. leaders. The Texas-born Pollard was a civilian analyst with the U.S. Navy. Authorities arrested him in November 1985 when he tried to seek refuge in the Israeli embassy in Washington. He was sentenced to life in prison two years later for turning over suitcases of military secrets to Israel, including details on U.S. intelligence, weapons and radar-jamming equipment in the Middle East. His sentence, while called a life term, by law made parole mandatory after he served 30 years, unless the government showed he was likely to commit more crimes. His 30 years will be up in another four months. Under terms of his parole, Pollard must remain in the U.S. for five years, but his lawyers say they have asked President Barack Obama to release him early and allow him to emigrate to Israel. Pollard's supporters say he was working for one of the United States' closest allies and that a life sentence for someone spying for a friendly country was excessive. But U.S. military officials, including the late Caspar Weinberger, who was U.S. defense secretary when Pollard was arrested, argued that he is a traitor and did irrevocable damage to the country. Some of the material Pollard stole wound up in the hands of the former Soviet Union. Israel apologized to the U.S. in 1987 for its role in the Pollard case but did not admit to paying him until 1998. Israel granted him citizenship in 1995. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry denied Tuesday that Pollard's upcoming release was intended to placate Israel for the nuclear agreement with Iran, a deal Israel strongly opposes. Minnesota dentist a pariah after killing popular lion By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Zimbabwean authorities say a U.S. dentist from the northern state of Minnesota was responsible for slaying one of the country's most beloved lions. The Zimbabwe Conservation Task Force said Walter Palmer of Eden Prairie, Minnesota, paid at least $50,000 to track and kill Cecil the lion in early July. But Palmer told the Minneapolis Star Tribune Tuesday that he “had no idea the lion I took was a known, local favorite” and that he might have been misled by hunting guides. “I hired several professional guides, and they secured all proper permits,” a statement provided by the dentist to the newspaper said. “To my knowledge, everything about this trip was legal and properly handled and conducted.” Palmer's whereabouts were unknown Tuesday. Zimbabwean police spokeswoman Charity Charamba told The Associated Press that Palmer faced poaching charges for the kill. "We arrested two people, and now we are looking for Palmer in connection with the same case,'' said Ms. Charamba. The two men in custody, a professional hunter and a farm owner, face poaching charges, local authorities said. Killing the lion was illegal because the farm owner did not have a hunting permit. If convicted, the men face up to 15 years in prison. Emmanuel Fundira, president of the conservation group Safari Operators Association of Zimbabwe, said Palmer worked with the guides to lure Cecil out of Hwange National Park to an unprotected area by strapping a dead animal to their vehicle. Once the animal was off national park land, Palmer allegedly shot Cecil with a crossbow, but did not kill him. The group then tracked the wounded animal for 40 hours, ultimately shooting and killing him. The Safari Operators Association said the hunting party then discovered that Cecil had been fitted with a GPS collar because he was being studied by Hwange Lion Research, funded by Oxford University. They tried to destroy the collar but failed. Cecil was skinned and ultimately beheaded. This is not the first time Palmer has been in trouble for hunting. According to U.S. court records, Palmer pleaded guilty of making false statements to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service about a black bear he fatally shot in western Wisconsin in 2006. Palmer had a permit to hunt but shot the bear outside the authorized zone. He tried to pass the killing off as having been carried out elsewhere, according to court documents. Palmer was given one year of probation and fined nearly $3,000. Cecil was a popular attraction at the Hwange National Park and had been featured in many photographic shoots. Tourists regularly spotted his characteristic black mane in the park over the last 13 years, said Lion Aid, also a conservation group. Hwange attracted 50,000 visitors last year, about half of them from abroad. Angry commentators have inundated the Yelp and Google Review pages for Palmer's dental practice, and he has been vilified across social media, as #CecilTheLion became a top worldwide trending topic Tuesday afternoon on Twitter. Florida man held in plot to plant a bomb at beach By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
U.S. prosecutors on Tuesday charged a professed admirer of Islamic State with plotting to bury a bomb on a Florida beach and blow it up by remote control. The Justice Department said Harlem Suarez, 23, of Key West, Florida, who is also known as Almlak Benitez, was charged with attempting to use a weapon of mass destruction. It said Suarez drew the attention of authorities by posting extremist rhetoric and messages promoting Islamic State on the Facebook social media site. In April, Suarez allegedly posted, "Be a warrior, learn how to cut your enemies head and then burn down the body learn how to be the new future of the world Caliphate'' — a reference the Islamic State goal of building a regional fundamentalist entity. The FBI said he later added a request "from any brother. How to make a bomb send me a video or something, what do I need to make it.'' Suarez made his first court appearance Tuesday in Miami and was being held without bail. It wasn't clear whether he had a lawyer. The criminal complaint against Suarez that was unsealed said he told an FBI informant that he wanted to make a timer bomb full of nails, hide it in a backpack and bury it on a public beach in Key West. He allegedly planned to set off the bomb with a cellphone. The complaint said Suarez gave an FBI informant some bomb supplies. He was then arrested Monday after taking possession of an inert explosive device provided by the informant. "I can go to the beach at the nighttime, put the thing in the sand, cover it up, so the next day I just call and the thing is gonna, is gonna make, a real hard noise from nowhere,'' Suarez told an FBI source in a recorded call, according to the complaint. The FBI also said Suarez sought to make an Islamic State recruitment video using a script he wrote himself. It eventually was made under FBI surveillance at a motel in Homestead, Florida, according to the complaint, with Suarez dressed in a black tactical vest, black shirt, mask and yellow-and-black scarf. "American soil is the past, we will destroy America and divide it in two, we will rais[e] our black flag on top of your white house and any president on duty [cut head],'' Suarez says in a script for the video. Suarez was being monitored for months by U.S. authorities and never made an actual explosive, and there was no indication in the FBI complaint that he had contact with any Islamic State militants overseas. Still, Miami's FBI special agent in charge, George Piro, said the alleged threats had to be taken seriously. "There is no room for failure when it comes to investigating the potential use of a weapon of mass destruction,'' Piro said. "The FBI and our local state and federal partners work around the clock to prevent such catastrophic weapons from being used against our citizens," he added. "Even so, we ask the public to be vigilant and report suspicious activity to law enforcement." Meanwhile, in the neighboring state of Georgia, a federal judge sentenced Leon Nathan Davis to 15 years in prison for attempting to fly overseas and fight with Islamic State. Davis pleaded guilty in May, several months after the FBI arrested him at the Atlanta airport with a ticket to Turkey in his hand. Republican contenders jockey for spot at Aug. 6 debate By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
The first Republican presidential debate will take place Aug. 6 in Cleveland, and a mad scramble is under way among some of the contenders who fear they will be excluded from the event. Under the debate rules, only 10 of the 16 Republican contenders will be allowed to take part in the first of nine Republican debates scheduled into next year. Those candidates who fail to place in an average of five national public opinion polls will be excluded. That has set off a furious push to qualify for the debate among several Republican contenders who are at the lower end of recent poll rankings. Among those in danger of being excluded are New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, Ohio Gov. John Kasich and former Texas governor Rick Perry. Real estate mogul Donald Trump has shot to the top of national polls in recent weeks, tapping into what he says is voter frustration with the political status quo. “People are tired of incompetent politicians and that is, by the way, on both sides. We don’t have victories anymore, and people are tired of it and that is what is happening to me,” Trump said recently in Iowa. Trump’s surge has continued even after his comment that Sen. John McCain, a prisoner during the Vietnam War, was not a war hero, and after several sharp attacks on some of his Republican rivals that involved words like dummy and idiot. Karlyn Bowman, who monitors opinion at the American Enterprise Institute, said she has noticed the voter frustration welling up for some time now. “There is just enormous dissatisfaction with Washington," she said. "People are much more satisfied with their state governors and with their local authorities. But there is a lot of dissatisfaction with Washington.” Some of the Republican contenders have ramped up their own rhetoric in hopes of cutting through the intense media coverage of Trump’s rise in the polls. Former Arkansas governor Mike Huckabee has drawn lots of attention for slamming President Barack Obama over the Iran nuclear deal. “He is so naïve that he would trust the Iranians and he would take the Israelis and basically march them to the door of the oven,” Huckabee said in a radio interview, invoking images of the Jewish Holocaust during World War II. Huckabee’s comments drew condemnation from some of his rivals, including former Florida governor Jeb Bush. The president also took the unusual step of weighing in on the Republican race during a news conference in Ethiopia. Obama said the Huckabee comments on the Iran deal and other criticisms from some of the Republican contenders would be ridiculous if they weren’t so sad. He added, “Maybe this is just an effort to push Mr. Trump out of the headlines. We are creating a culture that is not conducive to good policy or good politics. The American people deserve better.” Trump and his recent comments attacking illegal immigrants and some of his Republican rivals could dominate next week’s debate. Some like Perry and South Carolina Sen. Lindsey Graham are itching to take Trump on in the debate. “I think he is appealing to the dark side of American politics. He is not offering solutions to hard, complicated problems,” Graham told ABC’s This Week program. But Graham has a problem: He may not have enough support in the polls to make the cut for the debate. The debates will be a key test for all the Republican contenders. “I think the debates will be important. That, plus the ability to raise money and the ability to show that you have staying power and can win in the early states are really what you are trying to prove in the first year,” predicted John Fortier of the Bipartisan Policy Center. The Republican race has overshadowed the Democratic primary battle where former secretary of state Hillary Clinton remains a strong favorite, even though Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders continues to draw large, enthusiastic crowds. Russia's use of red notices called political and abusive By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Russia is abusing the global law enforcement agency Interpol by requesting the arrest and extradition of political opponents, according to a new report. Such requests can mean that the accused are unable to travel and are often unable to open bank accounts. Interpol’s 190 member countries can apply for what’s called Red Notices, urgent requests for the arrest and extradition of criminal suspects on other members’ territory. Report author David Satter of the Henry Jackson Society, a British-based research group focused on foreign policy and human rights, said such notices "are very easy to get. And Interpol operates on trust. So Interpol is ripe to be abused.” “There are many people in Russia who are unfairly charged," Satter added. "They’re charged for political reasons. Russia is habitually taking these false charges to Interpol and making it difficult if not impossible for these people to travel.” Russia maintains the accused have charges to answer for and insists they would face a fair trial. Among those who have been subjected to Red Notice requests by Russia is Bill Browder, chief executive of Hermitage Capital, an investment fund and asset management company specializing in Russian markets. Browder’s lawyer, Sergei Magnitsky, was killed in prison in 2009 after being jailed for his efforts to investigate state corruption. Moscow charged Browder with fraud and requested a Red Notice for his arrest, which was turned down. Speaking last month, Browder said he feared for his life. “They're trying to do things like have me extradited back to Russia, send Interpol after me and various other types of administrative actions," he said. "But if they saw an opening when they could do it and not get caught, they would kill me in a heartbeat.” Last October, a Bulgarian court ruled against a Red Notice requesting the extradition to Russia of Kremlin political opponent Nikolay Koblyakov on fraud charges. Koblyakov said the decision was vital to uphold European principles of justice. Thousands of migrants wait to take Eurotunnel to Britain By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Authorities in the northern French port city of Calais say police late Monday pushed back more than 2,000 migrants trying to enter the Eurotunnel in hopes of reaching Britain. Eurotunnel officials described the migrant push as the largest of several such attempts by thousands of refugees to gain entry into Britain in the past six weeks. Eight migrant deaths have been reported at the tunnel since mid-June. Estimates of between 5,000 to 10,000 migrants from Africa, the Middle East and beyond are living in squalid encampments in and near Calais, a city of 70,000. Observers say their push to enter the 50-kilometer undersea tunnel has intensified in recent weeks, after authorities stepped up port security to block migrants from stowing away on Britain-bound vessels. The tunnel confrontation, the second such faceoff between police and migrants in the past two days, caused major delays in Eurotunnel service for much of Tuesday. British vacationer traffic to the continent also was snarled. Eurotunnel train service and vehicle traffic also was suspended overnight Saturday into Sunday, in a similar confrontation between migrants and police. French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve, speaking Tuesday, told the French news agency that police made some arrests, but he did not offer details. His counterpart, British Home Secretary Theresa May, said her government will put up an additional $10.8 million to help France secure the Eurotunnel site. British Prime Minister David Cameron has rebuffed attempts by European leaders to force Britain to take quotas of refugees who have crossed the Mediterranean in search of better lives. |
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A.M. Costa Rica's sixth news page |
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San José, Costa Rica, Wednesday, July 29, 2015, Vol. 15, No. 148 | |||||||||
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By the Friends of Tel Aviv University
news staff
More and more Americans on-the-go are skipping the most important meal of the day, not eating until lunch. This tendency to miss breakfast has already been linked to the growing epidemic of obesity and cardiovascular problems in the U.S., and it may put the health of diabetics at risk as well. Very little was known regarding the effect of skipping breakfast on the health of diabetics until now. A new Tel Aviv University study reveals the substantial impact of skipping breakfast on type-2 diabetics. Fasting until noon triggers major blood sugar spikes and impairs the insulin responses of type-2 diabetics throughout the rest of the day, researchers say. The study was conducted by Daniela Jakubowicz and Julio Wainstein of the Wolfson Medical Center's Diabetes Unit, Oren Froy of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Bo Ahrén of Lund University in Sweden. It was recently published in Diabetes Care and presented at the American Diabetes Association meeting in Boston. "Despite the fact that many studies have previously demonstrated the benefits of a high-caloric breakfast for weight loss and to regulate the glucose metabolism, very little was known regarding the effect of skipping breakfast on glycemic spikes after meals throughout the entire day," said Professor Jakubowicz. "It is quite remarkable that, for type-2 diabetic individuals, the omission of breakfast is associated with a significant increase in all-day blood sugar spikes and of HbA1C, which represents average blood glucose levels over the preceding three months." The clinical study was conducted on 22 type-2 diabetics who averaged 56.9 years old. Over the course of two days, the participants consumed precisely the same number of calories and the same balanced meal, milk, tuna, bread, and a chocolate breakfast bar, for lunch and dinner. The only difference was that one day they ate breakfast and the second day they fasted until lunch. "We theorized that the omission of breakfast would not be healthy, but it was surprising to see such a high degree of deterioration of glucose metabolism only because the participants did not eat breakfast," said Professor Jakubowicz. The researchers found that participants experienced extraordinary glucose peaks after lunch and after dinner on days they skipped breakfast. "This means that reducing the amount of starch and sugars in lunch and dinner will have no effect on reducing elevated glucose levels if diabetic individuals also skip breakfast," said Professor Jakubowicz. According to the researchers, pancreatic beta cells which produce insulin lose their memory due to the prolonged period between one evening's dinner and the next day's lunch. In other words, they forget their vital role. Therefore it takes additional time after lunch for the beta cells to recover, causing small and delayed insulin responses and resulting in an exaggerated elevation of blood glucose levels throughout the day. Another factor is that fasting until lunch increases the fatty acids in the blood, which renders insulin ineffective in reducing blood glucose levels, the researchers said. "In light of our study, we highly recommend that type-2 diabetics not skip breakfast, because it causes major damage to the beta cell function and leads to high sugar levels, even if they don’t overeat at lunch and dinner," said Professor Jakubowicz. The researchers are planning to conduct a similar study on type-1 diabetics, who require daily insulin treatment. |
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From Page 7: Some offices will be closed this Friday By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Sunday is the legal holiday of the patroness of the country, Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles. But for some government agencies, Friday is a holiday, too. Among these is the U.S. Embassy which said it would be closed Friday. Other government offices are likely to be short on staff as their workers take the annual hike to Cartago and the basilica there. Last Saturday was a national holiday, too, marking the 191st anniversary of the Partido de Nicoya's decision to join Costa Rica. The embassy staff also had last Friday off for that reason. But downtown Saturday there was commerce as usual. A few mom-and-pop stores were closed, but nearly every major retail outlet was open. That probably will be the case Sunday. After all, Sunday would be a great time to shop for the next big holiday, mother's day, which is Aug. 15. That's a Saturday, too, but the U.S. Embassy will again have the preceding Friday off. |