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| What we published this week: | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Earlier |
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Abstracts and fair use are permitted. Check HERE for more details |
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| A.M. Costa Rica's Second news page | |
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San
José, Costa Rica, Tuesday, March 25, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 59
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Opposition to new
lottery
cites money laundering By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Anti-drug officials are concerned that the electronic lottery run by the Junta de Protección Social has become a vehicle for money laundering. The key point seems to be that individuals can play the lottery without providing their name. There also have been some suspicious bets. For example, one individual placed 30,000 colon bets on all numbers from 00 to 99. Of course, that is a losing bet. The individual had to pay 3 million colons to win 2.1 million. The lottery pays 70 times the bet to winners. However, the Asociación Nacional de Empleados Públicos y Privados, which opposes the electronic lottery said that this loss is a small price to pay to launder money. The Instituto Costarricense sobre Drogas has been expressing its concern for several months. Officials there have cited payments of large bets to a single individual. They also said that money laundering operations were prepared to lose 50 percent of their money in order to show that the remainder comes from a legitimate source. The institute is seeking that those who play the lottery present a valid identification in order to do so. The Junta has hired a firm to run the lottery. The idea is to have remote locations where bettors can lay down the money easily. This does not sit well with the Asociación Nacional de Empleados Públicos y Privados, which represents employees in the lottery agency. The union organization wants the junta to terminate the contract it has with GTECH Corp. That firm has operations all over the world. Although the electronic lottery is the focus now, there are no identifications required to purchase lottery tickets on the street. A much greater investment is required there to insure a win. Robbery victim shoots man in fatal phone theft case By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
A 24-year-old man has died after being shot in the head at a store in downtown San José, according to the Judicial Investigating Organization. Identified by the last name of Córdoba, the man had tried to take a cell phone from a man who later became the suspect before he was shot around 2 a.m. early Monday morning. Witnesses said that Córdoba entered the store to ask for help before collapsing. By the time medical aid came from the Cruz Roja, the young man was already dead. Agents from the Sección de Investigaciones de Turno Extraordinario are seeking further details. The suspect, the presumed victim of the robbery, was detained at the scene of the crime. He has since been taken to the Ministerio Público. The victim's body was transferred to Morgue Judicial for an autopsy. Canadian ship has its first encounter with smugglers By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
A Canadian warship, the ""HMCS Glace Bay" recovered 97 bales, about 2,400 kilos, of cocaine from the Caribbean after the crew stopped a suspicious fishing boat. The Canadian ship carried a U.S. Coast Guard law enforcement detachment, which searched the ship without results. But then the ship burst into flames and the coastguard detachment removed the six crew members, said the Canadian National Defence. After the ship sunk, the cocaine was seen floating in the water, the crew reported. The Canadians are supporting Operation Martillo, a multinational, joint, combined, and interagency effort by the nations of the Western Hemisphere and Europe to prevent illicit trafficking in the Caribbean basin, the eastern Pacific Ocean and the littoral waters of Central America. The exact location of the confiscation was not given, but the report said it was in the western Caribbean. DNA law will track cows to help solve rustling cases By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Ownership of cows stripped of any identity tags is difficult. But rustlers now have to contend with a new lab that can determine the DNA of the animals. The Servicio Nacional de Salud Animal inaugurated the lab Monday in Lagunilla de Heredia. The Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería and the Judicial Investigating Organization see the lab as a new tool in fighting cattle thefts. Such crimes are rampant in rural areas. Although some cows are killed for the meat, large numbers of cows can be taken away in the night by an organized group of thieves. DNA can be compared to samples kept by a breeder or they can show the cow's ancestry. Obama administration seeks tighter controls on NSA By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
U.S. news outlets have reported that the Obama administration will propose new legislation that will ban the National Security Agency from the collection and storing of massive amounts of Americans' phone records. Under the proposal, the government will have to obtain permission from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to obtain data from phone companies on calls connected to suspected terrorists. The phone companies will be required to provide the NSA with updated information if any new phone calls are made to or from that number. Phone companies would not be required to maintain the phone call records for any longer than they do now. President Barack Obama launched a review of the NSA's phone surveillance program after former contractor Edward Snowden leaked details of the program to the British newspaper The Guardian last year, setting off a political firestorm over civil liberties. Obama ordered his administration to craft a new policy by this Friday, when the current authorization for the program expires. Legislation similar to Obama's proposal will be introduced Tuesday in the U.S. House of Representatives. The bill, crafted by the Republican chairman and ranking Democrat of the House Intelligence Committee, also bars the NSA from the bulk collection of phone records, but does not require the government to obtain a court order before it asks phone companies for the data.
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| What we published this week: | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Earlier |
| The contents of this page and this Web site are copyrighted by A.M. Costa Rica.com Ltda. 2014 and may not be reproduced anywhere without permission. Abstracts and fair use are permitted. Check HERE for details | ||||||
A.M. Costa Rica Third News Page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Tuesday, March 25, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 59 | |
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| It's a real education trying to file the annual and
bothersome cultural tax |
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By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Expats who still have Costa Rican corporations have to pay that bothersome educational and culture tax by next Monday. This is the tax that ranges from 750 colons to 9,000 colons that is assessed every year on active and inactive corporations. There are fewer corporations this year because many expats have dumped theirs so they do not have to pay the more substantial $370 annual tax for an active corporation. Time was just three years ago, when the educational and cultural tax was the only one corporation owners had to pay if they were not engaged in commerce. The tax is called in Spanish the Timbre de Educación y Cultura. Like many taxes, the corporation owner must use the special computer system of the Dirección General de Tributación. There may be ways of paying the tax online, but the tax agency does not say so on its Web site. Instead, it says that corporation owners must print out a paper D-110 form using the EDDI-7 program. This is the same program used to |
file sales tax and
annual income tax reports. The program is free from the tax agency, but
workers there keep updating the program repeatedly, and sometimes bugs
are introduced. The EDDI-7 produces a personalized form for the
specific corporation using bar codes. Once the form is printed out, the corporation owner takes it and cash to a bank, probably Banco de Costa Rica, although other banks, but not all, accept the payment. The amount is based on the net capital of the corporation. But failing a Costa Rican degree in accounting, many just pay the highest amount, 9,000 colons, which is today about $16.70. The computer program is available on machines at the tax agency and its branches, but all accountants and some lawyers have the program on their machines. Taxpayers are benefiting from the stronger dollar to pay less than they would have had they done so in early February. Any taxes that are not paid are tracked by the tax agency and become inflated with penalties and interest, sometimes foe years. So wise expats keep receipts forever. |
| Country gets high ranking for security from Florida
consulting firm |
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By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
A West Palm Beach, Florida, firm has published an index that says Costa Rica is one of the three most secure countries in Latin America. Said the firm, FTI Consulting, about Costa Rica: "The government continues with its plan to professionalize the security forces and its investment in public safety prevention programs. The country continues to maintain lower crime rates than other neighboring countries, although it has not been completely isolated from their problems." President Laura Chinchilla immediately put forth the index as a validation of her efforts to reduce crime. She said she was much satisfied that an international organization recognized the efforts made by the government to improve the security of the country, she said. Venezuela, Guatemala and Honduras are the most dangerous places in Latin America, and Costa Rica, Chile and Uruguay remain the safest, the Florida firm said. The company said the index is directed principally at companies and executives who conduct business in the region. The company explains the effort this way: "This index examines how each country in the region is working towards reducing the levels of public insecurity, with particular focus on the business community. This allows us to see the long-term trends in terms of the improvement or worsening of the security situation. "Our categories are based on official federal, provincial and municipal-level figures, concerning areas such as homicides, felonies, organized crime and drug trafficking, cargo and warehouse theft, home invasion, kidnapping, political and labor unrest, riots and violent demonstrations, as well as analyses of the effectiveness of government programs intended to address these problems. Only reliable government reported data has been considered as well as data and studies generated by NGOs and multilateral organizations. We analyze credible regional media, in order to obtain more specific information about certain phenomena, as well as academic research on the subject. Finally, we also utilize information gathered directly through our own work and business contacts in the region." The firm expressed concern over the state of Latin America. "The phenomenon of organized crime and extreme violence surrounding the activities of drug cartels and the movement of drugs from production to consumer markets continues to be a major source of public insecurity in parts of Central America and Mexico. Additionally, social and political unrest has become a factor for some of the more troubled economies, such as Venezuela. Finally, despite significant investment that has led to marked improvements in some countries such as Colombia and Brazil, they have seen a resurgence of crime that has been difficult to control." "Public insecurity in the region continues to demand significant resources from the business community to protect its critical assets, and has a corrosive effect on the region’s competitiveness in the fight to attract investment dollars." The index runs counter to the opinions of some expats here and those in Nicaragua who say they think that insecurity is less there. The firm said this of Nicaragua: "The country continues to maintain the lowest rate of insecurity in |
![]() The company rated the countries from 5 (unsafe) to 1 (safe). No country was ranked safe. A red dot means the trend is to less security. Yellow means stable with possible changes, and green means stable without changes. the 'Triangle of Central America;' however, robberies with violence are high and increasing. For example, in the first month of this year, violent crimes increased by 15 percent in comparison to the same month the prior year. The government continues to implement social order policies in order to achieve greater inclusion in sectors considered at risk alongside the fight against organized crime." Panamá was ranked just below Costa Rica, Chile and Uruguay. The firm said this of the neighbor to the south: "The country continues to invest heavily in security for controlling drug trafficking. The year 2013 ended with slightly improved crime rates to those of 2012 and continues to trend slightly down." The full report begins HERE! |
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| You need to see Costa Rican tourism information HERE! |
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| What we published this week: | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Earlier |
| The contents of this page and this Web site are copyrighted by A.M. Costa Rica.com Ltda. 2014 and may not be reproduced anywhere without permission. Abstracts and fair use are permitted. Check HERE for details | ||||||
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| A.M. Costa Rica's Fourth News page | |||||
| San José, Costa Rica, Tuesday, March 25, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 59 | |||||
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| Scientists plan a big trial to find out what's really
healthful in chocolate |
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By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Dark chocolate is known to help prevent heart disease, but eating too much of it may be not so good for your body weight. But never fear! Scientists are looking for a way to concentrate dark chocolate's helpful ingredients in supplemental pills. Cocoa contains chemicals called flavanols that may help reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks by lowering blood pressure and bad cholesterol levels and improving the body's use of insulin. Washington chocolatier Steve Koumanelis said that is one reason dark chocolate is increasingly popular among his customers. “A lot of people are gravitating towards dark chocolate because they just decide they love it, and they also have been reading all about the health benefits of dark chocolate,” said Koumanelis. But those benefits have not been confirmed by studies involving large numbers of people. Also, during the manufacture of chocolate, many flavanoids are destroyed, while sugar and saturated fats are added to contribute to flavor. Scientists now want to learn the benefits of flavanols in their unadulterated form. They plan a four-year study of 18,000 adults, who will take capsules of pure cocoa flavanols, in what is being called the largest test of its kind. Jo-Ann Manson of the Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, is the lead researcher. “This capsule of cocoa flavanols will avoid having the calories and the sugar and the saturated fat found in chocolate,” said Manson. The capsules also won't have any taste. Participants, divided in two groups, will take two identical pills a |
![]() A.M. Costa Rica file photo
This is much better than a pill
to keep healthy!day. One group’s pills will contain flavanols, while the others will get placebos. “The amount of chocolate that it would take in order to have this amount of cocoa flavanols would be more than ten times the amount that people would ordinarily eat,” said Ms. Manson. Whatever the outcome of the study, Koumanelis said he’s not worried about his business. “People like the experience of actually biting into a piece of chocolate, whatever their favorites are,” he said. The flavanol benefits test is still in the early stage, so scientists are not sure when the participants will be handed their first chocolate pills. In the meantime, they'll get their flavanols the old fashioned way! |
Here's reasonable medical care
Costa Rica's world class medical specialists are at your command. Get the top care for much less than U.S. prices. It is really a great way to spend a vacation. See our list of recommended professionals HERE!amcr-prom
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| What we published this week: | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Earlier |
| The contents of this page and this Web site are copyrighted by A.M. Costa Rica.com Ltda. 2014 and may not be reproduced anywhere without permission. Abstracts and fair use are permitted. Check HERE for details | ||||||
| A.M. Costa Rica's Fifth news page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Tuesday, March 25, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 59 | |||||
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| Study shows drinking age affects youth mortality By
University of Northern British Columbia communications
A recent study by a University of Northern British Columbia-based scientist demonstrates that Canada’s drinking-age laws have a significant effect on youth mortality. The study was published in the international journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence. In it, Russell Callaghan writes that when compared to Canadian males slightly younger than the minimum legal drinking age, young men who are just older than the drinking age have significant and abrupt increases in mortality, especially from injuries and motor vehicle accidents. “This evidence demonstrates that drinking-age legislation has a significant effect on reducing mortality among youth, especially young males,” says Callaghan. Currently, the minimum legal drinking age is 18 years of age in Alberta, Manitoba, and Québec, and 19 years in the rest of the country. Using national Canadian death data from 1980 to 2009, researchers examined the causes of deaths of individuals who died between 16 and 22 years of age. They found that immediately following the minimum legal drinking age, male deaths due to injuries rose sharply by 10 to 16 per cent, and male deaths due to motor vehicle accidents increased suddenly by 13 to 15 per cent. Increases in mortality appeared immediately following the legislated drinking age for 18-year-old females, but these jumps were relatively small. According to the research, increasing the drinking age to 19 years of age in Alberta, Manitoba, and Québec would prevent seven deaths of 18-year-old men each year. Raising the drinking age to 21 years across the country would prevent 32 annual deaths of male youth 18 to 20 years of age. “Many provinces, including British Columbia, are undertaking alcohol-policy reforms,” added Callaghan. “Our research shows that there are substantial social harms associated with youth drinking. These adverse consequences need to be carefully considered when we develop new provincial alcohol policies. I hope these results will help inform the public and policy makers in Canada about the serious costs associated with hazardous drinking among young people.” Callaghan is an associate professor of psychiatry. Malaysian prime minister says Flight MG370 crashed By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak announced Monday evening that new satellite data had concluded missing Malaysian flight MH370 with 239 passengers and crew went down in the Indian Ocean. Bad weather and rough seas today forced the suspension of the search for any wreckage of the missing plane. An international air and sea search in the area on Monday spotted several floating objects that might be parts of the plane and an Australian navy ship was close to finding possible debris, Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott said. But the Australian Maritime Safety Authority said gale-force winds, heavy rain and low clouds meant planes could not fly safely to the zone today, and waves of 6 meters (20 feet) or more forced the navy ship from the area. The safety authority said it had consulted with the Bureau of Meteorology and that weather conditions are expected to improve in the search area in the evening and over the next few days. Search operations are expected to resume Wednesday, if weather conditions permit, the authority said in a statement. The search site is far from commercial flight paths about 2,500 kilometers (1,550 miles) southwest of Perth, a region of deep, frigid seas known as the Roaring 40s where storm-force winds and huge waves are commonplace. Razak said that never before used analysis from the British satellite company Inmarsat formed the basis to conclude that the plane's last position was in the middle of the Indian Ocean southwest of Perth, Australia. "This is a remote location far from any possible landing sites." he said in a brief statement at a news conference in Kuala Lumpur after 10 p.m. local time. "It is therefore with deep sadness and regret that I must inform you, that according to this new data, flight MH 370 ended in the southern Indian Ocean,’’ he said. Inmarsat evaluated changes in data signals from the plane as they had been received, and compared those changes to signals from other, similar, aircraft on known flight trajectories, a company official said. That enabled them to narrow down where the missing plane was when its last signal was received and to determine that it was moving and in which direction. “The last known position of a ping was way over the southern Indian Ocean, with no landfall and no long runways, obviously, around it," said a Inmarsat senior vice president, Chris McLaughlin.. "The distance to Perth was far further than the remaining fuel would allow after seven hours," he said. "The range simply wasn’t there. “The Eureka moment for them was when not only did they realize that they had one ping, but they had several, and that the aircraft was moving," he said of the firm's engineers. "And then it’s been a process of digging deep into the data thereafter to build a picture, if not a final solution, at least a picture.” After learning of Inmarsat's conclusions, Malaysia's prime minister informed relatives of passengers of the data telling of the plane's fate. The announcement seems to indicate that the government is resigned that all aboard have perished. “We absolutely are not saying that we know exactly where this aircraft may have ended its days, but we are saying that we know the direction is south, that it is in that southern ocean area, and that we can give you a general area to look,” said Inmarsat's McLaughlin. Most passengers on board were Chinese. For nearly three weeks, the Chinese families of passengers have been hoping for a miracle. But those hopes were dashed upon the announcement. After 17 days of riding an emotional roller coaster the grief for many was too much to bear. Paramedics were on hand at Beijing's Lido Hotel, where many Chinese families have been gathered since the plane went missing. After hearing the news, several were taken away on stretchers. Amid the anguish some family members lashed out at journalists. As one family member cried, another yelled at a reporter, telling him to stop asking questions. China's state-run CCTV said some hurled water bottles at video journalists standing nearby. The scene at the hotel was chaotic with many crying and wailing. On China's social media sites, some were calling on the Chinese government to mark a national day of mourning for those on board MH 370. The statement also said China hopes other countries will keep searching for the missing plane. A posting on the social media site of the newspaper of the Communist Party noted many questions remain. The post said until the black box is found, search and rescue efforts cannot stop. Throughout Monday, Australian and Chinese search teams looked for signs of the missing jet in the southern Indian Ocean and reported sighting more debris that may be from the plane. The latest leads come as the United States prepares to send specialized equipment to aid in the search for the aircraft’s black box flight recorder. During a briefing in Kuala Lumpur, authorities say an Australian plane spotted two objects: one circular and gray and the other rectangular and orange inside the targeted search area for the plane. Australian Prime Minister Abbott earlier described the sightings as significant. "There have been three significant developments - new satellite imagery, new Chinese satellite imagery, does seem to suggest at least one large object consistent with the object that earlier satellite imagery discovered which I told the Australian parliament about last week," Abbott said. The search Monday extended to almost 70,000 square kilometers. Australia's Maritime Safety Authority said 10 aircraft had been dispatched from Australia, New Zealand, China, Japan, and the United States. A Chinese icebreaker is reported to have changed course and heading to the area where the latest objects were seen. Also Monday, the U.S. Pacific Command said it is sending a specialized locator to assist in the recovery of the vital flight recorder in the hope a debris field is located. The locator device is capable of receiving the black box transmitter signals to a depth of 6,100 meters. Martin Tasker, technical director with the Association of Asia Pacific Airlines, said it is a race against time to find the recorder because the box's locator batteries will fail after 30 days Tasker said a recovery from such depths is similar to the problems posed by the loss in 2009 of an Air France airliner that crashed into the Atlantic. “In the case of Air France 447 it took two years and they found it and, of course, the locator beacon had been dead for a long time," he said. "So I can’t say how long it will take but they’ll put every effort in just like they did with the Air France event to try and locate, once they know or confirm the area where the aircraft possibly went down. They will then find a way to find the black boxes,” Tasker said. Despite several sightings of possible debris from the plane, none of the reports have been confirmed as from the missing aircraft. The initial search of the South China Sea over several days later shifted to the southern Indian Ocean as a possible location for the aircraft after reports the plane’s transponder pings had been sent over several hours after the last civilian radar sightings. Missing plane sparks security considerations By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
The disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 in the Indian Ocean is prompting calls for more global attention to security measures that could prevent similar tragedies. Malaysian authorities said Monday new satellite data indicate the Boeing 777 passenger jet ended in the southern Indian Ocean, with the loss of all 239 people on board, hours after vanishing on March 8. The plane had taken off from Kuala Lumpur en route to Beijing, but was diverted to the west about 45 minutes into the flight as part of what the Malaysian government calls a deliberate act. In a statement, the International Air Transport Association representing the global airline industry said: "Very little is known about what actually happened to MH370, so it is premature to speculate about what changes in operating or security procedures may be introduced." But aviation analysts say airline companies and governments can and should make improvements in four key areas. One possible explanation for the diversion of the Malaysia Airlines plane is that one or more intruders entered the cockpit, either taking control of it, or pressuring the pilot and co-pilot to act under duress. Airlines have tried to prevent such intrusions by reinforcing the cockpit door and establishing security procedures for when pilots need to go to the bathroom or be served food and drinks. In one such procedure, flight attendants stand in front of the door while it is open, and they position a food cart as a barrier. Aviation safety consultant Hans Weber, president of San Diego-based Tecop International, Inc., says a commandeering of MH370 by someone other than the pilots would indicate that the reinforced door is not sufficient. "And depending on how sloppy an airline is with its procedures when the cockpit door is open, those could be very significant moments of vulnerability," he said. Ellen Saracini, the widow of a pilot of one of the four planes hijacked on Sept. 11, 2001, has been leading a campaign for a new U.S. law that would require U.S. airlines to install a secondary door to reduce the risk of cockpit intrusion. The Saracini Aviation Safety Act has been stuck in congressional committees since last year. Last month, Mrs. Saracini said a group of airline employees helped her to make a video that shows how a single cockpit door can be breached in two seconds. United Airlines is the only major U.S. carrier to have installed fence-like secondary barriers after 9/11. But pilots said the company began removing them last year. United Airlines said "security measures have evolved in the years since the secondary barriers were ordered, and many more layers of security now exist." What if one of the pilots had commandeered MH370, altering the flight path without informing air traffic control? Weber says cockpit technology could be upgraded to report such an illicit maneuver to ground personnel, and allow them to take control of the plane. The technology to turn a commercial plane into a remote-controlled vehicle that operates like an unmanned military drone has been in development for years. In 2009, Fred Smith, founder of express delivery company Fedex, told a blogger that he wanted to add unmanned cargo aircraft to his fleet as soon as possible, but had to wait for permission from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration. The FAA already allows businesses to apply for permits to fly unmanned aircraft for research and development, market surveys and crew training. But it does not yet allow unmanned commercial flights, saying they would have to meet very high safety standards. Some aviation analysts say the manual shutdowns of the Malaysian plane's automated communication systems shortly after takeoff show that the aviation industry also needs to redesign transponder and beacon devices. An aircraft transponder is an active radio frequency identification device that uses its own power source to broadcast a radio signal to the ground, in response to a signal sent by radar. A beacon also relies on aircraft power, but broadcasts a radio signal at regular intervals, regardless of whether it is asked to do so. Both devices enable an aircraft's movement to be tracked. But a pilot has the ability to turn them off. Mark Roberti, founder of U.S. media company RFID Journal, says beacons originally were designed to be turned off while planes were taxiing because their signals interfered with radar monitoring of aircraft movements on runways. "Now, airports use a different system for tracking aircraft on the ground, so it makes sense to build in beacons or transponders that cannot be turned off," Roberti said. The 9/11 book "How Did This Happen?," published in November 2001, noted that the 9/11 hijackers switched off the planes' transponders to hide their movements. It highlighted the off-switch as a vulnerability that should be addressed. Last week, Gregg Easterbrook, who authored the book's aviation security chapter, wrote a New York Times opinion article that said: "The issue today is exactly as it was on 9/11." However, aviation consultant George Hamlin, president of Virginia-based Hamlin Transportation Consulting, says airlines have several reasons for not redesigning communication systems. There are thousands of airliners already in the sky, so even if companies started upgrading devices on new planes, there would be a problem of retrofitting the existing ones, which would be considerable trouble and expense, he said. Hamlin, a former Airbus executive, says installing aircraft devices that crew members cannot control also creates problems for pilots. "You need a way to shut down any part of an electrical system that is overheating, because you do not want an on-board fire that leads to a crash," he said. Richard Aboulafia, an aerospace consultant with the Teal Group, also based in Virginia, says no changes should be made to aircraft designs in response to the MH370 case. "The experience of the past few decades shows that bad guys can find a way around technical solutions if they are on a plane, so the most cost-effective use of resources is to keep them off of jets," Aboulafia said. "Authorities need to improve human intelligence with better vetting of flight crews, better sharing of information about passengers, and better safeguards against counterfeit passports, even if they were not a problem with the missing plane," he added. Many countries already have upgraded passports in recent years, designing them with an embedded computer chip and a passive transponder that draws energy from a signal emitted by a passport reader device. Such Epassports contain a biometric image of the passport owner and display it when scanned by an immigration officer, allowing the officer to compare that picture with the person presenting the document. That makes it harder for someone to get through immigration control with a forged passport or a legitimate passport whose picture has been replaced. The International Civil Aviation Organization, a U.N. agency that oversees international air travel, says 93 member states were issuing electronic passports in 2011, the latest year for which it provides that information on its website. Roberti of RFID Journal says those nations include the United States, most of the European Union and many Asian nations. But he says no countries have set deadlines for all arriving travelers to carry an RFID-enabled passport. "That may happen at some point, but it has not happened yet," he said. Criticism of U.S. helping Maduro maintain his control By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Officials in Venezuela have repeatedly accused the United States of orchestrating anti-government demonstrations in the South American country. While the United States provides funding to human rights groups and organizations that promote democracy in Venezuela, U.S. authorities deny they support political opposition parties or play a part in the current Venezuelan crisis. President Nicolás Maduro has time and again accused the United States of trying to destabilize the Venezuelan government by providing aid and support to anti-government protests there. "Elements of America's power structure and their internal subordinates seek to demoralize, to blemish the armed forces,” he said. While no evidence has been presented, anti-America rhetoric has been an effective political tactic to unite his party. The late president Hugo Chávez often accused the United States of supporting opposition groups and playing a role in an attempted military coup in Venezuela in 2002. The United States denies involvement, but Latin American analyst Michael Shifter, with the Inter-America Dialogue, says many observers remain skeptical. “Certainly the United States expressed great pleasure after that coup, which I think was really a terrible mistake during the Bush administration," he said. "And I think it raised a lot of questions.” Chávez accused the United States of providing aid to opposition groups under the guise of supporting human rights and democracy development. These are the same charges Maduro is making today. State Department spokesperson Jen Psaki defends U.S. support for basic human rights. "We have serious concerns about some issues in Venezuela, including democracy and human rights, and we will continue to express those concerns,” she said. Human rights, democracy and free press groups often have adversarial relationships with those in power. "Basically human rights organizations, whether it is Venezuela or any other country in the world, they work to avoid, denounce, confront human rights violations committed by state agents,” said Santiago Canton, director of the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights. Shifter says the Obama administration has drawn a policy line between supporting democracy and human rights and taking sides in a political conflict. “It is much more careful, much more deliberate, much more low-key and clearly is careful not to cross the line into political organizing,” he said. Some in Congress want to increase funding to democracy groups in Venezuela, but Shifter says the perception of U.S. involvement would take the focus away from the deteriorating economic and security conditions in the country and give Venezuela's leaders a foreign enemy to blame. Hope dims for those missing in Washington State slide By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Hopes are diminishing for finding survivors of a U.S. mudslide that has killed at least 14 people and left more than 100 others missing. Rescue workers continued their search Monday of a large quicksand-like debris pile in the northwestern state of Washington. It is a mix of mud and trees covering 2.6 square kilometers, and is six meters deep in some places. Authorities released the names of 108 people who may have been living in or driving through the rural community north of Seattle on Saturday morning, when the mudslide struck with deadly force. No one has been found alive in the debris since Saturday. One survivor was caught up in the wall of mud, trees and rocks and lived to describe the terrifying experience. "There was literally a 20-foot wall of mud racing across the valley.... we were tumbled inside [our house] and had mud in our eyes and nose and mouth. I am really grateful I am alive." A fire department spokesman said late Sunday that rescuers did not hear any signs of life in the debris pile. The mudslide destroyed as many as 30 houses in its path. Officials blamed the mudslide on groundwater saturation after recent heavy rainfalls. 2013 temperature 1/2 degree above 1961–1990 average By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
The World Meteorological Organization reports 2013 was the sixth warmest year on record. In its annual report on the Status of the Climate, the organization describes a pattern of extreme weather events across the planet. The World Meteorological Organization finds 13 of the 14 warmest years on record have occurred in the 21st Century. And it says each of the last three decades has been warmer than the previous one, with 2001 to 2010 being the warmest decade on record. World Meteorological Secretary-General, Michel Jarraud said it is important to look beyond individual years in order to assess the global warming trend. He said within this trend, there is significant variability in weather patterns. He added, though, 2013 definitely confirms a continuation of this trend. “Since 2001, the first year of this century, the coldest year that we have observed since 2001 is actually warmer than any year before 1998. I do not think this can be used in seeing a contradiction of the stop in climate change. Climate change is not stopping," said Jarraud. Jarraud said the fact that parts of the United States and Canada were hit by very cold weather does not belie climate change because many other places in the planet were hit with significantly warmer weather than usual. The World Meteorological climate report highlights details of ice cover, ocean warming, sea level rise and greenhouse gas concentrations. It says all these events are inter-related and indicate that climate is changing. It notes significant parts of the Asian continent saw more rain than usual last year. And, it says the United Kingdom recorded the wettest winter in more than 250 years. It says Typhoon Haiyan, one of the strongest storms to ever make landfall, devastated parts of the Central Philippines. The report says severe drought hit the western part of the U.S. state of California, as well as the Sahel in Africa and the southern African countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Angola. It says drought was linked to a record heat wave in Australia, which meteorologists confirm was due in large part to human activity. World Meteorological’s Jarraud says phenomena such as heavier precipitation, more intense heat and more damage from storm surges and coastal flooding are consistent with what one would expect as a result of human-induced climate change. He says the state of the Arctic ice also is a concern. “What is worrying is that an increasing fraction of this ice is recent new ice. This ice is normally very thin and therefore more vulnerable to the variability and the change in the climate. So, this is the fact that the ice surface is a little bit more than the previous year is actually not in contradiction with the global warming. Actually the volume continues to decrease. So, we are very much concerned about the evolution of the Arctic ice," he said. Jarraud says there is a strong possibility of an El Niño developing near the end of this year. El Niño is a complex interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean. If El Niño is confirmed, Jarraud says the world can expect a warmer year. The average global land and ocean surface temperature in 2013 was 14.5 degrees C (58.1 degrees F). That is half a degree centigrade (nine tenths of a degree F) above the 1961–1990 average and three hundreds of a degree C. (0.05 of a degree F) higher than the 2001–2010 decadal average. Temperatures in many parts of the southern hemisphere were especially warm, with Australia having its hottest year on record and Argentina its second hottest, the U.N. agency said. U.S. economy expansion predicted through 2015 By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
A group of U.S. business economists says it sees the American economy advancing steadily through next year, with the nation's production expanding and the jobless rate falling. The National Association for Business Economics says an unusually cold and snowy winter curtailed economic growth in the past three months, but it expects economic expansion to accelerate through 2015. The group's panel of 48 economists said the January-to-March advance is likely to reach a weak 1.9 percent. But it said growth could end the year at a pace of more than three percent. The panel predicted 2.8 percent growth for all of 2014 for the world's largest economy, up from 1.9 percent in 2013. It projects a 3.1 percent advance in 2015. The group's president, Jack Kleinhenz, said the country's labor market, consumer spending and housing industry are all expected to improve over the next two years. |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Tuesday, March 25, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 59 | |||||||||
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Chile's president
now faces need to fulfill her promises By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Chilean President Michelle Bachelet took office in March with a pledge to make Chile a different and fairer country. But some of her key promises will be difficult to keep in a country facing increasingly difficult economic challenges. Nothing will be easy for Ms. Bachelet during her second term as the nation's leader, after a landslide win in a December runoff vote. The moderate socialist vowed to reform education and taxes. But that won't be easy in a nation with a slowing economy and tight budget. Observers say Chileans, especially students, won't hesitate to take to the streets to demand she carry out the reforms. "The people that voted for her, believing in all these promises, have already challenged her that if the promises are not fulfilled, as she has promised, there will be social upheaval in Chile," said Juan Larrain, Chile's former ambassador to the Organization of American States. Chile's economic growth has slowed to nearly a four-year low, in part because of tumbling copper prices. Chile is a top copper exporter. Despite the country's economic woes, Ms. Bachelet has promised to push ahead with her ambitious plan to carry out more than 50 reforms in her first 100 days in office. "We have a commitment to the citizens to fulfill major policy goals and also to meet urgent tasks, and that we will do," she said. At the center of the reform agenda is providing free education to students all the way up to the university level. "Although she does have a majority in the Congress right now, and I think she will be able to make some reforms, particularly in the educational system, I don't think they will be the kind of deep reforms that the students expect," said Jose Azel of the University of Miami. "And because the students are impatient, I think that will be her challenge going forward." The president says she wants to help pay for education with funds from the country's copper wealth and by increasing corporate tax rates. Ms. Bachelet says her sweeping reforms will shrink the big disparity between Chile's rich and poor citizens. The president enjoyed huge approval ratings at the end her first term as president in 2010. But with a worsening economic outlook, it is unclear how she plans to implement the deep reforms she promised the voter base that returned her to office. Brazil's credit rating cut by Standard & Poor's By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
An international credit rating company, Standard & Poor's, has cut Brazil's debt rating. S&P, one of the world's three main credit rating companies, downgraded the country's long-term debt rating Monday to BBB minus, the agency's lowest investment-grade rating. The company said it made the change because of Brazil's slower economic growth and what it called mixed policy signaling by the government. It also said the government has a constrained ability to adjust policy ahead of presidential elections in October. Brazil's government did not have an immediate response. The world's other two main credit rating companies, Moody's Investors Service and Fitch Ratings, have not cut their ratings on Brazilian debt. |
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| From Page 7: Device tracks and turns off stolen vehicles By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
A new GPS security system allows authorities to quickly track down and turn off stolen vehicles. Taxis are beginning to install the tracking app called Tramigo, which lets victimized cabbies turn off their cars with a simple text message. In 2013 alone, the Judicial Investigating Organization said it received 3,845 vehicle theft complaints, the distributor said. The firm quoted one taxi owner, Juan Carlos Campos, who said that he used the service to successfully track down his car and its abducted driver in just an hour. "I received the alert from the panic button, and I tracked the location of the car as it was on the way to Cartago,” Campos said in a press release. “I called the driver but he did not answer me. Then I coordinated with the distributor company and we informed the police, and when they located the taxi we turned off the engine.” Tramigo is hooked up to a driver's SIM card in a cell phone, which also allows receipt of messages like reports and alerts. The Finland-based security device is now being used worldwide. Thanks to the free app, both the driver and authorized personnel have access to control and monitor the vehicle from a phone, tablet, or computer, the company said. The app arrives to Costa Rica via Decisiones Acertadas. Besides tracking and control features, the system has a number of other useful tools like a panic button, hidden microphone and timetable notifications. In addition to taxis and cars, the service is available to use on buses, motorcycles, ships and even people. It takes about 90 minutes for customers to install the system on their vehicles. They then need to download the free app on a mobile device or computer, the company said. Following a quick registration process, each user is then given unlimited access to the security feature, it added. José Carlos Fernández, who is the head of Decisiones Acertadas, said Tramigo's satellite technology grants an efficient and personalized way to keep vehicles secured. “It brings great benefits to users, such as monitoring and control personalized way,” he said. “Each client has individual control and can monitor their vehicles from their devices without assistance or third parties.” |