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Costa Rica Your daily English-language news source Monday through Friday |
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A.M. Costa Rica's Second news page | |
San
José, Costa Rica, Thursday, Jan. 23, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 16
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after another big snowstorm By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Residents of the northeastern United States on Wednesday dug out from a deadly winter storm that dumped more than 15 inches (38 cm) of snow in some places, with frigid temperatures forcing school closings and extensive flight delays and cancellations. (Some flights to Costa Rica were canceled Wednesday, but reports from both of the country's international airports say that no cancellations have been reported by 2 a.m. today) At least two deaths were blamed on the weather, which made roads treacherous. Near Emmitsburg, Maryland, a driver lost control and slammed into a tractor-trailer, state police reported. In Versailles, Kentucky, a woman's car hit a tree after skidding on an icy highway, local police said. “It's brutal out here,” said Ian Chapin, 28, an appliance repairman braving stiff winds as he pumped fuel into his work vehicle at a gas station outside Philadelphia. The deep chill and heavy snow on Wednesday closed schools in Philadelphia and many suburbs throughout New Jersey, Rhode Island and other states. New York City pushed toward normalcy, opening its schools, but the snowstorm that dropped 11 inches (27 cm) of powder in Central Park touched off some complaints about unequal treatment by new Mayor Bill de Blasio. In the toniest part of the city, Manhattan's Upper East Side, some residents claimed that their unplowed streets were being ignored as part of the mayor's oft-repeated campaign theme to address issues of inequality. De Blasio conceded in a statement that, after visiting the neighborhood and talking to residents, “more could have been done to serve the Upper East Side.” Storms have famously complicated the lives of New York mayors. In 1969, a huge storm created a political crisis for Mayor John Lindsay, who was faulted for the city's slow response. In 2010, Mayor Michael Bloomberg came under fire for his handling of a blizzard that halted some subway service for days. The single-digit temperatures gripping huge swaths of the nation will prove relentless, according to Accuweather.com Senior Meteorologist Alex Sosnowski. “A total of three waves of Arctic air will blast across the Midwest and Northeast into next week,” he said. Temperatures are likely to stay below freezing in such cities as Minneapolis, Chicago, Milwaukee, Detroit and Cleveland through the end of the month, with highs most days only in the teens, he said. “In Boston, Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, New York City and Indianapolis, temperatures may only surpass the freezing mark on one or two days through Jan. 31,” Sosnowski added. U.S. airports reported nearly 4,400 flight delays or cancellations on Wednesday, with New York's LaGuardia Airport and Newark Liberty International the hardest-hit, according to FlightAware.com. The heaviest snowfall was recorded in the Boston suburb of Norwell, Massachusetts, with 18.3 inches (46.4 cm) and Manalapan, New Jersey, near the Atlantic coast, which measured 15.8 inches (40.1 cm), according to the National Weather Service. Shoppers added millions to their credit card debt By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Costa Ricans put more than 10 billion colons additional on their credit cards over Christmas. That's about $21.5 million or about 1.46 percent of what they already owed, said the economics ministry. The total credit card debt for the country is 751.2 billion colons or about $1.5 billion. Other studies by the same ministry showed that the debt gathers interest at a rate as much as 54 percent. The Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Comercio routinely does studies of the outstanding debt. The comparison released Wednesday was to the amount that was owed Oct. 31. The data comes from the 29 companies that issue credit cards. The ministry in this report did not address the amount of money that was in default for non-payment. Two home invasion suspects caught after Moravia robbery By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
A pair of suspected home invaders in Moravia were caught by the Fuerza Pública while fleeing from a burglarized house early Wednesday morning. The two detainees are known criminals in the area, according to Moravia regional chief Carlos León Retana, and one was arrested just two days before for illegal possession of weapons. “It seems the men entered a house armed and in a violent manner, where they gagged and intimidated the homeowner to rob him of his cell phones, watches, and jewelry,” Retana said. After responding to a call from the homeowner, officers found the suspects less than a mile from the house. Police confiscated two .380 caliber guns from the men and were also able to recover all the stolen materials, they said. Retana said this illustrates an important lesson for any future victims of assault or theft: They should alert police as soon as they can to allow officers to immediately respond with any necessary action. Arbitration panel is sought in dispute with El Salvador By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Costa Rica is seeking the creation of an arbitration panel under the rules of the Free Trade Treaty with Central America and the United States. The issue is the continuing refusal of the country of El Salvador to apply duty preferences to Costa Rican imports, said the Ministerio de Comercio Exterior. Commerce officials have been in talks with their counterparts in El Salvador, and the arbitration panel is the next step in the complex process that will end with a ruling by the free trade commission set up under the treaty, Curridabat man wounded stopping theft from vehicle By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
A man in Pinares de Curridabat tried to stop men from breaking into a parked car there and received a gunshot wound for his efforts. The Judicial Investigating Organization identified the victim by the last name of Duarte. The man was admitted Tuesday night to Hospital Calderón Guardia. He suffered a bullet wound in the stomach. Agents said that the man reported that when he confronted the thieves, one pulled a gun and fired. Then they fled.
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What we published this week: | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Earlier |
The contents of this page and this Web site are copyrighted by A.M. Costa Rica.com Ltda. 2014 and may not be reproduced anywhere without permission. Abstracts and fair use are permitted. Check HERE for details |
A.M. Costa Rica Third News Page |
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San José, Costa Rica, Thursday, Jan. 23, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 16 |
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Costa Rica file photo
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There are plenty of sharks in Costa Rican waters, but the study says that might not be true in a few decades. |
Shark study predicts extinctions unless
governments act |
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By
the Simon Fraser University news service
One quarter of the world’s cartilaginous fish, namely sharks and rays, face extinction within the next few decades, according to the first study to systematically and globally assess their fate. Previous studies have documented local overfishing of some populations of sharks and rays. But this is the first one to survey their status throughout coastal seas and oceans. It reveals that one-quarter or 249 of 1,041 known shark, ray and chimaera species globally fall under three threatened categories on the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. “We now know that many species of sharks and rays, not just the charismatic white sharks, face extinction across the ice-free seas of the world,” said Nick Dulvy of Simon Fraser University “There are no real sanctuaries for sharks where they are safe from overfishing.” Over two decades, the authors applied the Red List categories and criteria to the 1,041 species at 17 workshops involving more than 300 experts. They incorporated all available information on distribution, catch, abundance, population trends, habitat use, life histories, threats and conservation measures. Sharks and rays are at substantially higher risk of extinction than many other animals and have the lowest percentage of species considered safe. Using the Red List, the authors classified 107 species of rays, including skates, and 74 species of sharks as threatened. Just 23 percent of species were labeled as being least concern. The authors identified main hotspots for shark and ray |
depletion: The Indo-Pacific,
particularly the Gulf of Thailand, the Red Sea and the Mediterranean
Sea. “In the most peril are the largest species of rays and sharks, especially those living in relatively shallow water that is accessible to fisheries. The combined effects of overexploitation — especially for the lucrative shark fin soup market — and habit degradation are most severe for the 90 species found in freshwater. “A whole bunch of wildly charismatic species is at risk. Rays, including the majestic manta and devil rays, are generally worse off than sharks. Unless binding commitments to protect these fish are made now, there is a real risk that our grandchildren won’t see sharks and rays in the wild.” Losing these fish will be like losing whole chapters of our evolutionary history says Dulvy. “They are the only living representatives of the first lineage to have jaws, brains, placentas and the modern immune system of vertebrates.” The potential loss of the largest species is frightening for many reasons, says Dulvy. “The biggest species tend to have the greatest predatory role. The loss of top or apex predators cascades throughout marine ecosystems.” The International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Shark Specialist Group is calling on governments to safeguard sharks, rays and chimaeras through a variety of measures, including the following: prohibition on catching the most threatened species, science-based fisheries quotas, protection of key habitats and improved enforcement. |
Grupo Extra to file complaint, and
another paper has problems |
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By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Grupo Extra's deputy director said Wednesday that the media organization would file an appeal against the Poder Judicial at 11:30 a.m. today to further the allegations of wiretapping of reporters' home and company phones. In addition, Manuel Estrada, a newspaper reporter, was to appear before the internal affairs section of the Judicial Investigating Organization to give a statement about the beating he received during an encounter with agents. The statements came from Paola Hernández. The announcement comes at the same time that another newspaper reported that it has had trouble, too. The newspaper Semanario Universidad suffered a denial of service attack on its Web site, according to Mauricio Herrera, director of the publication. The newspaper is associated with the Universidad de Costa Rica in San Pedro. The statement said the Web site was out of service for eight hours. The newspaper servers were faced with millions of electronic requests per minute, according to Alonso Castro, director of the university's Centro de Información. |
The attack prevented readers from
seeing the results of the latest opinion polling related to the
national presidential race, said the newspaper. The poll showed Johnny Araya of Partido Liberación Nacional with 20.4 percent of support from respondents. José María Villalta Florez-Estrada of Frente Amplio had 15.3 percent and Otto Guevara Guth of Movimiento Libertario had 11.2 percent, according to the newspaper. Nearly a quarter of the respondents, 24.4 percent, said they did not know for whom they would vote if the election were held the day of the survey, which was done by the university. To win a candidate needs to get 40 percent of the vote Feb. 2. Executives at Diario Extra said that the judiciary tapped the telephones of reporters in order to find out who was leaking information to the press. The allegations caused an international stir. Estrada was one of the reporters who was the target of wiretapping. He also said that several judicial agents trapped him in an airplane during a simulation exercise, handcuffed him and injured him. |
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You need to see Costa Rican tourism information HERE! |
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What we published this week: | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Earlier |
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A.M. Costa Rica's Fourth News page | |||||
San José, Costa Rica, Thursday, Jan. 23, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 16 |
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Guanacaste internship program seeks to reduce youth
unemployment |
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By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Some 20 young people in Guanacaste are participating in a pilot internship project modeled on the German system. The concept is called dual education, and it is a project of the Reserva Conchal and The Westin Golf Resort & Spa Playa Conchal in conjunction with the Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje and the Cámara de Comercio e Industria Costarricense Alemana. The theory is that the jobless rate for youngsters is double that of older adults because the young jobseekers do not have experience. An announcement of the program noted that the youth jobless rate in Germany is 6.6 percent while the rate in Costa Rica is 23 percent based on a survey from the last four months of 2013. That means 87,000 youngsters are out of work. The Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje is the government training agency. The 20 youngsters come from 14 communities. The announcement said that this is the first time that the work-study program has been tried in Costa Rica. Some 60 persons from 18 to 24 applied for the program, and they participated in interviews, said the announcement. Those selected are learning skills that will be useful in the northern Pacific coast tourism trade. These include hotel administration, hotel meal preparation, food and drink professionals and supervision of the housekeeping staff. There is plenty of work. The hotel has 410 rooms. The system is called dual because work is alternated with study time and theoretical classes, said the announcement. The program is for two years and has a budget of $150,000, the sponsors said. |
![]() Zona de Prensa photo
Carlos Eduardo Guevara is one of
the 20 participates, and he is studying bartending and to be a waiter. |
Here's reasonable medical care
Costa Rica's world class medical specialists are at your command. Get the top care for much less than U.S. prices. It is really a great way to spend a vacation. See our list of recommended professionals HERE!amcr-prom
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What we published this week: | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Earlier |
The contents of this page and this Web site are copyrighted by A.M. Costa Rica.com Ltda. 2014 and may not be reproduced anywhere without permission. Abstracts and fair use are permitted. Check HERE for details |
A.M. Costa Rica's Fifth news page |
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San José, Costa Rica, Thursday, Jan. 23, 2014, Vol. 14, No. 16 |
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Snowden denies he's a spy for Russia or any other country By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Former U.S. national security contractor Edward Snowden is rejecting suggestions he is a Russian spy. He said he acted alone in leaking details about the American government's clandestine surveillance programs. Snowden told the New Yorker magazine in an interview conducted by encrypted means from Moscow that "this Russian spy push is absurd." The 30-year-old Snowden stressed that he had no assistance from anyone, much less a government. In recent days, some U.S. lawmakers have suggested, without offering direct evidence, that Snowden had help from a foreign government. The U.S. says Snowden took 1.7 million documents from a National Security Agency outpost on the Pacific island state of Hawaii before fleeing to asylum in Russia. One lawmaker who oversees U.S. intelligence operations, Rep. Mike Rogers, said it is no coincidence that Snowden is living in Russia. "I believe there's a reason he ended up in the hands, the loving arms of an FSB agent in Moscow. I don't think that's a coincidence.'' In rejecting the suggestion, Snowden noted that he first traveled to Hong Kong and was held in a Moscow airport for 40 days, with the intention of leaving for Latin America before the U.S. revoked his passport. He told the magazine, "Spies get treated better than that." Ford joins with universities on building automatic car By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Ford Motor Co. said on Wednesday it is joining with two top U.S. universities to launch research into automated driving technology. The automaker said it will work with Stanford University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology on the technical challenges facing autonomous vehicles, which use automated systems to take over some driving functions. Mark Fields, Ford's chief operating officer, made the announcement at the opening of the annual Washington Auto Show, where the company showed off its automated Ford Fusion Hybrid research car. "In the long term, we see a future of connected cars that communicate with each other and with the world around them to improve safety, reduce traffic congestion and achieve major environmental benefits," Fields said. "It is likely to bring fully autonomous navigation and parking." The research car, Fields said, can operate on its own with the supervision of a driver. Loaded with technology that operates much like a bat or dolphin using sound waves, the car can sense moving objects including pedestrians, cars and animals. Ford said the MIT research will focus on ways to predict the actions of other vehicles and pedestrians, which would enable the vehicle to plan a safe path avoiding those objects. The Stanford research will explore how a vehicle might maneuver to allow sensors to see around obstructions. The research is aimed at providing the vehicle with human-like common sense on the road to make driving safer. "Drivers are good at using the cues around them to predict what will happen next and they know that what you can't see is often as important as what you can see. Our goal in working with MIT and Stanford is to bring a similar type of intuition to the vehicle," said Greg Stevens, Ford's global manager for research in driver assistance and active safety. The company did not disclose how much money it is spending on the research. Ford predicts that fully automated driving, alternative fuel vehicles and vehicle-to-vehicle communications will be a huge part of transportation's future, and said it is investing in technologies, business models and partnerships to get there by 2025. "Our goal is to offer a level of technology in which a driver is still in control and still able to enjoy the driving experience, but in a better, safer and more efficient way," Fields said. Quarter of pollution in China comes from factories for export By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Roughly one quarter of the air pollution choking China comes from factories supplying the rest of the world with shoes, electronics, toys, and almost everything else, according to a new study. But according to a team of U.S. and Chinese researchers, the smog made in China does not stay there. Findings of their work published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences indicate the pollution is drifting across the Pacific Ocean and clouding air in the United States. Focusing on 2006, the study finds that export industries produce one-third of China’s sulfur dioxide, one-fourth of its nitrogen oxides, one-fourth of its carbon monoxide, and one-sixth of its black carbon. By first analyzing the amount of pollution generated by producing each good or service, the group then determined what proportion of those goods and services was exported. Study co-author Steven Davis at the University of California, Irvine, says the research places images of the heavily polluted country in a different context. “Maybe a quarter of what you are seeing when you see pictures of that Chinese pollution and everyone wearing masks has to do with goods they are making for other parts of the world,” he said. Of the export-related pollution, 21 percent was due to trade with the United States, the researchers said, a significant portion of which boomeranged back to China. Using atmospheric models, the researchers determined that as much as a quarter of the sulfur dioxide polluting the air over the western United States that year came from China. California Air Resources Board officials say the Los Angeles area had 120 excessive-ozone days in 2006, of which, atmospheric models indicate, Chinese pollution contributed to two extra days. “We do have pollution still in this country,” Davis said. “We are not completely blameless.” But the pollution did not stop at the West Coast. Chinese emissions also added two non-compliant days in Chicago and the surrounding areas, which had fewer than 10 in 2006, and regions on the East Coast were affected as well. The authors note that while Chinese air has grown dirtier, it has grown cleaner in the northern and eastern United States as manufacturing has left these regions — often for China. “What this paper is saying is that China is playing a role in terms of polluting U.S. air," said Texas A&M University atmospheric chemist Renyi Zhang, who was not involved in the research. "But the United States is actually playing a role as well because we are exporting the trading to the Chinese.” That, says Davis, puts some of the onus for China’s polluted air on the United States and the other countries that rely on its export industries. “Insofar as you believe consumers somewhere down the road should bear some responsibility for the pollution that goes on to produce the goods and services they are consuming, the rest of the world has some responsibility to help China clean up that problem,” he said. Obama hopes to gain standing with State of Union Address By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
President Barack Obama will deliver his State of the Union address Tuesday before a joint session of Congress and tens of millions of people watching on television. This year’s speech offers the president an opportunity to begin to turn around his sagging political fortunes. 2013 took a political toll on Obama. The difficult rollout of his signature achievement, the health care reform law, was a major factor in sending his public approval to new lows. Recent public opinion polls show the president’s job approval rating hovering around 40 percent, a weak number for an incumbent president. The latest national poll from Quinnipiac University found 40 percent of those surveyed approve of the job the president is doing, compared to 54 percent who disapprove. Quinnipiac pollster Tim Malloy says the president gets negative ratings on several key issues. “The president remains in negative territory now on the economy, the federal budget as well as foreign policy," he said. "Registered voters in big numbers still give the president a thumbs down on health care.” It is expected that Obama will focus on economic issues in his State of the Union address. Amid signs the U.S. economy is starting to pick up, the president will likely emphasize the need to make economic opportunity available to all Americans. The administration intends to focus on the issue of income inequality in the United States leading up to the November congressional midterm elections. A recent Congressional Budget Office study found that the wealthiest 1 percent of the population increased its income by 275 percent over the last 30 years. At the time, income levels for the 60 percent of Americans in the middle class rose by just under 40 percent. Brookings Institution expert Thomas Mann says Democrats hope that a focus on the economy in general and economic fairness in particular will help their candidates in November and respond to the number one priority on the minds of voters. “How is the economy doing? And that is both jobs and growth and wages," he said. "But behind that is the economic inequality and the ‘Two America’s’ issue.” Opposition Republicans say the economy and creating jobs are also priorities for them in 2014. But they are also determined to keep the spotlight on problems associated with the health care law, even though they acknowledge some earlier problems are being corrected. Democrats hope that the fixes to the law are firmly established before the midterm elections. But analyst Stuart Rothenberg expects many Republican candidates to continue to focus attacks on the Affordable Care Act as a key part of their election strategy. “I am skeptical it will be an asset by the time the midterms roll around," he said. "It might be an asset in five years or 10 years, but not between now and the midterms.” The State of the Union offers the president his best chance to lay out an election year political agenda that includes domestic and foreign policy goals. Analysts say foreign policy challenges for the president could also have an impact on this year’s elections, including efforts to rein in Iran’s nuclear program as well as the continuing terrorist threat posed by al-Qaida and other groups around the world. Historically, the president’s party loses seats in midterm elections during a second presidential term. Cook Political Report analyst David Wasserman said that the voting coalition of young, minority and women voters that twice helped to elect Obama president is less likely to turn out in congressional election years. “And if their proportions go way down then the electorate could be two to three points more Republican than it was two years ago without any opinions having actually changed, and that is a real harmful prospect for Democrats across the board,” Wasserman said. Most analysts favor Republicans to maintain or even increase their margin of control in the House of Representatives. The real battle will be for control of the Senate. Democrats hold a majority in the Senate, but many of the 35 Senate races this year take place in states where Republicans have an advantage. Republicans need to gain six Senate seats to secure a majority. ![]() Voice of America photo
Protester
carry a sign in the line of march.
Hundreds protest
abortions
on anniversary of Roe v. Wade By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Abortion opponents have braved bitter cold weather to march in Washington to protest legalized abortion in the United States. Tens of thousands gathered Wednesday on the National Mall for the annual March for Life, held on the anniversary of the U.S. Supreme Court's landmark Roe v. Wade decision that made abortion a constitutional right for women. Participants included many Roman Catholic high school and college students from across the country. Prayer vigils led up to a rally and a march to Capitol Hill and the Supreme Court. Pope Francis sent his support for Wednesday's anti-abortion march in a message on the social media site Twitter. He tweeted for God's help for people to respect all life, especially the most vulnerable. U.S. President Barack Obama said Wednesday the 41st anniversary of the Supreme Court's decision is a chance to recommit to the principle that "every woman should be able to make her own choices about her body and her health.'' Abortion opponents say this year's march focuses on eliminating the stigma around adoption as an alternative to abortion for pregnant women in difficult circumstances. House Majority Leader Eric Cantor told the large crowd ahead of the march that Republican leaders in Congress will hold a vote to end taxpayer funding for abortions. Cantor said he would continue to fight for the unborn because he feels it is the moral thing to do. Home births gaining ground due to suspicions of hospitals By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
In the United States since the 1940s, most births have taken place in the hospital, attended by obstetricians employing the full armament of modern drugs and technology. In the last two decades, the rate of caesarean surgical deliveries has shot up dramatically, to more than one in three births today. Partly in response, a home birth movement that began in the 1960s has sprung up again. New York medical student Emilie Jacobs and her husband, Rowan Finnegan, parents of 22-month-old Elias, are planning another home birth for their second child. “If it’s a healthy pregnancy, and there’s no reason you would need more stringent medical care, more advanced procedures, then why not?” asked Ms. Jacobs. The same licensed nurse-midwife will attend her, bringing along the emergency equipment of a paramedic, just in case. Although most problems in labor are detected in plenty of time, several top hospitals are only a few minutes away, Ms. Jacobs noted. Ten percent of planned home births do end up in the hospital, usually because labor has failed to progress. But if all goes well, Ms. Jacobs will have a peaceful, unmedicated birth with no high-tech monitoring, surgery or drug-induced labor. As a doctor in training, Ms. Jacobs has attended hospital births. She says they are determined more by hospital protocols, both medical and financial, than meeting the needs of women in normal labor. “It’s not an illness to be pregnant. The hospital’s a place where people go when they’re sick,” she said. “There’s infection there, there’s a greater chance of having some kind of extra requirements placed on you, in terms of the speed of your labor and medications being offered or encouraged, and higher C-section rates. And higher procedure rates, such as episiotomies.” Ms. Jacobs is one of about 30,000 women who will give birth at home in the U.S. this year. Although the numbers have risen in the last 10 years, home births still represent less than 1 percent of all U.S. deliveries. The Business of Being Born, a 2008 documentary by Ricki Lake and Abby Epstein, helped publicize the movement, with scenes of uncomplicated midwife-assisted births at home, often in a tub of warm water to ease labor pains. Other advocates have spread the word with online video of their own water births, usually with fathers present, and often with older siblings, too. Women who choose home birth over hospitals often say, like Ms. Jacobs, that they want to avoid hospital requirements, such as fetal monitoring or the need to turn over beds quickly, that can divert a normal labor into a surgical one. Caesareans are major surgeries, they note, with serious risks to the mother, including the chance of uterine rupture in future pregnancies. However, there is disagreement among some experts as to whether home births are safe. A recent study in the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology reported that babies delivered in planned home births in the U.S. are 10 times more likely to be stillborn and four times more likely to have seizures or other serious neurological problems. The study found that in about 60,000 planned home births from 2007 to 2010, 98 infants had no pulse and were not breathing five minutes after birth, a rate of 1.6 per 1,000 births. The rate in hospital births was .16 for every 1,000 infants. Co-author Frank Chervenak, director of maternal fetal medicine at New York-Presybyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, said that some of the deadliest complications in labor can happen with little or no warning. “We here on our labor and delivery unit fight for seconds when an unexpected fetal distress occurs. We do drills, so we plan an emergency caesarean and fight for seconds,” he said. “Because literally, seconds -- if someone is as much as one block away from this hospital, it’s too far,” he said. Chervenak acknowledges that the incidence of serious problems in planned home births attended by midwives is rare, but argues that they are too grave to be risked, and that obstetricians should counsel strongly against them and refuse to participate. Advocates say that is comparable to advising obstetricians not to perform the diagnostic test of amniocentesis, because of the 1 in 200 to 1 in 400 risk that it will cause a miscarriage. Tina Johnson, director of professional practice and health policy for the American College of Nurse-Midwives, contends that the journal study was based on unreliable birth certificate data from the Centers for Disease Control. It "used a lot of flawed data and drew a lot of conclusions that are inconsistent with all of the other research that’s out there currently, including another recent AJOG article, citing that planned home births with certified nurse-midwives are just as safe as midwifery deliveries in the hospital,” she said. Jennifer Block, who recently gave birth to her own first child at home, is the author of "Pushed: The Painful Truth about Childbirth and Modern Maternity Care." “I knew from my own research that planning a home birth with emergency obstetric backup, if necessary, is the birth plan that was most likely to result in a spontaneous vaginal birth, with the least trauma to me and the best start for my baby,” Ms. Block said. “I knew that if things weren’t going well that we would transport to the hospital.” “I think we forget when we focus on the perceived risks of home birth is that there are risks to being in the hospital,” she observed. In addition to the chance of contracting an infection or having a caesarean, she said, there’s a risk of having the baby end up in the neonatal intensive care unit for days because labor was sped up, and hyper-stimulated, and the baby was in distress. "So, I think focusing on those tiny rare risks, even though they’re very significant, doesn’t really give us the whole picture,” she said. Ms. Block notes that women choose home birth for the baby’s health as well as their own. “If the mother has a spontaneous vaginal birth, that’s absolutely the best-case scenario for the baby,” she said. “We know babies benefit from vaginal birth: their lungs, their respiratory health, their gut health. They are colonized with good bacteria; the breastfeeding relationship has a much better start.” Both opponents and advocates of home birth point to the Netherlands and some other countries as support for their cause. In Australia and Britain, for example, most pregnant women are cared for by midwives, and see a doctor only if there is a complication or risk factor. “That’s the model that exists in the countries in Europe that have the lowest caesarean rates,” Ms. Block notes. Chervenak notes that in the Netherlands, where home births attended by midwives have long predominated, hospital births are on the rise. Many women there, however, also choose to pay extra to have midwives attend them. He thinks the answer for the U.S. is to “let midwives either deliver in the hospital or adjacent to the hospital. Bring home births into the hospital.” “You can get a much better experience in the hospital in northern Europe and the Netherlands than you can in the U.S., frankly,” Ms. Block says. “If I could go to the hospital and get into a birth tub, and not be told that I have to be monitored continuously in bed, then maybe I would do that.” Pot chemical has an effect for generations, rat study says By
the Mount Sinai Medical Center news service
Exposing adolescent rats to THC, the primary psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, can lead to molecular and behavioral alterations in the next generation of offspring, even though progeny were not directly exposed to the drug, researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have found. Male offspring showed stronger motivation to self-administer heroin during their adulthood, the study said “Our study emphasizes that cannabis affects not just those exposed, but has adverse affects on future generations,” said Yasmin Hurd, the study’s senior author, and professor of psychiatry and neuroscience at Mount Sinai. “Finding increased vulnerability to drug addiction and compulsive behavior in generations not directly exposed is an important consideration for legislators considering legalizing marijuana.” In the study, Dr. Hurd and colleagues gave adolescent male rats THC, similar to about one joint in human use. None of the rats had been exposed to THC before, but their parents were exposed to THC as teens and then mated later in life. THC-exposed offspring worked harder to self-administer heroin by pressing a lever multiple times to get heroin infusion. Although marijuana use and safety tends to be discussed in terms of its impact to the individual during the lifetime, few studies have addressed adverse effects in future generations. “What this opens up are many questions regarding the epigenetic mechanisms that mediate cross-generational brain effects,” said Dr. Hurd. Future studies are now being explored to determine whether THC effects continue to be transmitted to even the subsequent grandchildren and great-grandchildren generations. Another important question relates to potential treatment interventions in order to reverse the cross-generational THC effects. Such insights could also have implications for novel treatment opportunities for related psychiatric illnesses. Mexican murder executed despite international pleas By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
A Mexican national has been executed in Texas despite appeals from the Mexican government and Secretary of State John Kerry. Edgar Tamayo was put to death late Wednesday night by lethal injection shortly after the U.S. Supreme Court denied a request to stay his execution. Tamayo was convicted for the 1994 fatal shooting of a Houston police officer shortly after his arrest on suspicion of robbery, using a gun he had hidden in his pants. His lawyers said Tamayo was not informed that he could obtain legal assistance from the Mexican consulate under an international agreement, the 1963 Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. Kerry urged Texas Gov. Rick Perry and Attorney General Greg Abbott to reconsider Tamayo's execution, saying it could have a negative impact on Americans who find themselves in legal troubles abroad. In a statement earlier this week, the Mexican government said Tamayo's execution would be a clear violation by the U.S. of its international obligations. Back in 2004, the International Court of Justice urged the United States to review the death penalty convictions of 51 Mexican nationals, including Tamayo, on the grounds they had not been informed of their consular rights. Chinese Web sites recovering after strange hacking effort By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Chinese Internet users are now able to access numerous Web sites including Baidu and Sina Weibo after the country once again experienced massive outages Tuesday. According to the China Internet Network Information Center) which operates and administers country code top level domain of .cn a Chinese domain name system, the cause was due to malfunctions with the servers that manage the .cn name system. China’s state-run news service, Xinhua, hinted that the problem could have been caused by hackers because Chinese Web surfers were rerouted to an IP address associated with Dynamic Internet Technology, a company that provides, among other things, software to help Chinese Web surfers get around the so-called Great Firewall. The company was founded by Bill Xia, a practioner of Falun Gong, a banned group in China. Xia emigrated to the United States and started DIT. The latest outage was the second major disruption in five months. Last August, a denial-of-service attack caused large portions of the Chinese Internet to go dark in what Beijing called the largest ever hack attack on Chinese sites. "China Internet Network Information Center no doubt learned some valuable lessons as a result of the August 2013 outage, where they found that it was internal Chinese hacking competition which disrupted the .cn domain,” said Christopher Burgess, CEO of Prevendra, Inc., an Internet security firm. “In this instance, speculation of a foreign hand will be high, as the outage was caused by domain name service changes which rerouted traffic to a company, Dynamic Internet Technology, well known for their anti-censorship web services tailored to evade The Great Firewall of China," he said. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said during his regular news briefing that he noted reports of Falun Gong involvement in the hacking, but said he did not know who was responsible. |
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![]() Servicios Periodisticos photo
Gimnasio Pura Vida at practice
for world competitionCheerleaders
here to compete
in two championship events By
the A.M. Costa Rica staff
A group of Costa Rican cheerleaders are taking their talents to the land of Mickey Mouse. The squad from the Gimnasio Pura Vida Athletics will compete in both the Universal Cheerleader Association All Star Championship and the International Cheer Union World Cheerleading Championship in Orlando, Fla. In joining the top cheerleading units in the world at ESPN's Wide World of Sports, Coach José Gabriel Sibaja said his team is ready to compete again on this international stage. Sibaja said his cheerleaders continue to sharpen their dance moves and make all the necessary and minute adjustments before the events in March and April. “We are in the final stages of practicing our choreography and motions that we will bring to the United States,” Sibaja said. “We have undergone intense preparation in order to repeat our success.” In 2012, the same year that the squad was founded, Gimnasio Pura Vida finished 13th out of more than 100 teams in the international category. Sibaja said his team's goal this year is to finish in the top 10 worldwide. The UCA All Star Championship takes place on March 15 and 16. A month later the squad returns to Disney World for the World Cheerleading Championship from April 26 to 28. |
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From Page 7: Chinese manufacturing appears to have contracted By
the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
A recently released survey suggests Chinese manufacturing contracted in January for the first time in six months, putting a damper on the prospects for the world's second largest economy in the new year. The Purchasing Manager's Index, released Wednesday by Britain's HSBC, fell to 49.6 in January. That is down from December's reading of 50.5 and is the lowest mark since August. The PMI is a closely watched indicator of the health of China's economy. Any reading beneath 50 signals contraction for China's crucial manufacturing industry. HSBC economist Qu Hongbin said the decrease was mainly caused by cooling domestic demand. The data comes after Beijing announced earlier this week that its economy grew at 7.7 percent in 2013, its slowest rate of expansion since 1999. China said its economy still faces deep-rooted problems, including mountains of local authority debt, as it attempts to shift from export-led growth to a more sustainable model. |