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A.M. Costa Rica's Second news page |
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San
José, Costa Rica, Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2015, Vol. 15, No. 13
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 Ministerio de Seguridad
photo
Captured boat is inspected
closely in port.Suspected
marijuana shipment grabbed
By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Two U.S. patrol planes spotted a suspicious boat some 130 nautical miles off Limón late Sunday. Two Servicio Nacional de Guardacostas launches intercepted the open boat with the help of Colombia and the United States, the security ministry said. The crew of the suspicious boat threw packages into the water. When recovered, the coast guard said there were 38 sacks and 16 packages of marijuana. Officials said they thought the boat was inbound from Jamaica and carried high grade marijuana for the local market. Five persons on the boat were detained. 2014 saw 106 cases of chikungunya virus By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Health officials say that by the end of 2014 there were 106 cases of the chikungunya virus confirmed in the country. Some 36 cases were of persons who contracted the disease outside the country, but 70 appear to have contracted the virus inside the country. Most of the cases in the capital of San José are imported, health officials said. Some 86 percent of the cases are confined to three provinces, with Puntarenas having the most. Jacó, for example, had 21 cases, they said. The virus is spread by the same mosquitoes that carry dengue, and the tactic is to get rid of the mosquitoes. The Minister de Salud says it will intensify its efforts. Five private projects to produce power By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
Five new electrical generating plants will help produce power, and they are private. They are in Atenas, Liberia, Turrialba and Tilarán, said the Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad. The state firm known as ICE will buy the power. Two of the plants are hydro generators, and three are wind generators. ICE officials are counting on the plants to produce about 6 percent of the power needs. The law limits private generation to 20 percent of the national needs. The Tilawind plant in Tilarán will enter into operation in February. It represents an investment of $39 million. The Torito hydro plant is on the Río Reventazón near Turrialba. It cost $134 million, said ICE. The Orosí wind plant will go into service in June. It is in Quebrada Grande de Liberia, Guanacaste, and cost $133 million, said ICE. The Chucás hydro plant in Atenas uses water from the Río Tárcoles during the rainy season. The plant cost $108 million. The Vientos del Este is a $24 million project also in Tilarán. It will go into operation next December. ICE generates about 75 percent of the nation's power. Utilities in Heredia and Cartago as well as the subsidiary, the Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y Luz, generate the rest.
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A.M. Costa Rica Third News Page |
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| San José, Costa Rica, Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2015, Vol. 15, No. 13 | |
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| More winds are predicted for today with rain in the Caribbean |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
There will be no surprise that today promises to be windy, too. This is the usual January condition due to high pressure from the north. But the same wind bring moisture from the Caribbean to the coast and the northern zone. The area around Cariblanco and Sarapiquí got the most rain |
Monday, said
the Instituto Meteorológico Nacional. The weather service
even emitted a special afternoon bulletin. The bulletin noted that there were gusts of up to 85 kph (53 mph) in the Central Valley, the north Pacific and in the mountains. The weather service repeated its warnings about falling trees and other damage likely from the winds. |
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Fire trucks
on display Those who like fire trucks should plan on being at the Plaza de la Democracia Sunday at 10 a.m. when the Cuerpo de Bomberos displays 43 new vehicles. They include 10 tankers and four vehicles designed for fighting forest fires. The fire-fighting organization is expanding rapidly with more stations and better coverage. |
 Cuerpo de Bomberos photo
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| Hot water grows warmer in case of ambassadorship for
resignation |
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By the A.M. Costa Rica staff
President Luis Guillermo Solís finds himself in serious political trouble after another high official basically branded him a liar. Solís now is at the center of a storm that erupted when newspeople learned that a presidential vice minister had offered the procuradora general de la República an ambassadorship in exchange for her resignation. The issue took on new life Monday when the procuradora general, Ana Lorena Brenes, issued a statement confirming that she was offered an ambassadorship and said that the president knew about it. Solís has maintained that the actions by Daniel Soley, the vice minister, were not known by him. Lawmakers are seeking to bring Ms. Brenes, Soley, and Melvin Jiménez, the minister of the Presidencia into hearings |
to
testify. Some lawmakers have branded the offer as extortion and
blackmail. Ms. Brenes, who is the government's lawyer, has been at odds with Solís on several key legal issues. Ronny Monge Salas, a legislator with the opposition Partido Liberación Nacional, issued a statement Monday in which he noted that the president's Partido Acción Ciudadana government promises a house of crystal, meaning high transparency. Soley did not act alone, he said. Soley resigned his job Saturday. The Spanish-language daily La Nación, which broke the story in the first place, published a short transcript of Solís denying that he knew about the meeting. The president spoke to reporters Saturday. Solís said that he had heard rumors about the meeting but did not know the details, according to the newspaper. |
| You need to see Costa Rican tourism information HERE! |
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| A.M. Costa Rica's Fourth News page | |||||
| San José, Costa Rica, Tuesday, Jan. 20, 2015, Vol. 15, No. 13 | |||||
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| New research provides key to more effective modified crops |
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By the University of Arizona news service
Strategies for delaying insect resistance to transgenic crops rely on assumptions that often are overly optimistic, a new study led by University of Arizona scientists shows. Published as an advance online publication by the journal Nature Biotechnology, the findings could improve management practices for current biotech crops and promote development of new varieties that are more effective and more durable. Crops genetically engineered to produce proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis to control insect pests have been planted on a cumulative total of more than a billion acres worldwide since 1996. With some pests rapidly evolving resistance to these Bt crops that make only one toxin, biotech companies introduced Bt crops called pyramids that produce two or more Bt toxins active against the same pest. Such pyramids have been adopted in many countries since 2003, including the United States, India and Australia. To assess the potential of pyramids to delay evolution of resistance by pests, the paper's lead author, Yves Carrière, and co-author Bruce Tabashnik, both in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, analyzed data from 38 studies that report effects of 10 Bt toxins used in transgenic crops against 15 insect pests. They found that in many cases, the crops' actual efficacy against pests did not live up to the expectations. "The idea behind Bt crop pyramids can be explained with a lock-and-key analogy," said Tabashnik, who heads the university's Department of Entomology. "The lock on the door is the receptor protein in the insect's gut, and the key is the Bt toxin that binds to that receptor. To be able to kill the insect, the toxin must fit the lock to open the door and get inside. "If you have only one key - one toxin - and a mutation has changed the lock - the receptor - then the toxin can't open the door and get inside. The insect is resistant and survives. Now imagine you have two keys, one for the front door and a different one for the back door. Let's say you're trying to get in through the front door, but the key doesn't work because the lock has changed. Your second key will get you in through the back door, provided the lock there hasn't changed as well. So, if you can't kill the insect one way, you can kill it another way. That's how pyramids work. It's like having two different keys, so the insect needs two different mutations to become resistant." However, the scenario described above is an ideal situation that is often not achieved in the real world, according to the new study. At the other extreme, some Bt crop pyramids could have two toxins that bind to the same receptor. "In that scenario, the keys are so similar that each only opens the front door, and if that lock is changed, you're out of luck," Tabashnik said. The reality, the authors found in this study, is often somewhere in between. "If each toxin is highly effective on its own and two toxins act independently, the pyramid should kill at least 99.75 |
 University of Arizona/Alex Yelich
Despite extensive planting of
transgenic cotton that produces two toxins active against the cotton
bollworm (Helicoverpa zea),
insecticide sprays against this voracious caterpillar pest have
increased in the United States.percent of the Bt-susceptible pests," explained Carrière, also a professor of entomology. "In other words, fewer than three of every thousand susceptible insects should survive." Scrutinizing the scientific literature, Carrière and Tabashnik discovered that this assumption was met only in about half of the cases. They also found that, contrary to the ideal scenario typically assumed, selection for resistance to one toxin in a pyramid often causes cross-resistance to another toxin in the pyramid. One goal of this study, Carrière explained, is to help biotech companies decide which toxins to put in their pyramided crops based on data that already exist, rather than by a time-consuming process of trial and error. "Will two toxins behave as one key or two keys, or somewhere in between?" he said. "And can we use understanding of how these toxins work to answer that question?" To help find answers, Neil Crickmore of the University of Sussex, an expert in Bt toxin structure and function who co-authored the study, used data available online to analyze the similarity of toxins in each of their three component parts, called domains. Consistent with previous biochemical work showing that the middle domain of the toxins plays a key role in binding to receptors, the new study shows that cross-resistance between toxins is associated with their amino acid sequence similarity in this domain. Results from the new study also indicate that amino acid sequence similarity in another domain contributes to mortality of Bt-susceptible insects on pyramids. "We identified specific domains involved in expression of traits that govern evolution of resistance to pyramids, and propose that toxins with different amino acid similarity in these domains could be combined to produce more effective and durable pyramids," Carrière said. "With the available technology, it is now possible to swap domains and engineer each Bt toxin with the desired domain configuration. The information provided in our study could help the design of such chimeric toxins used in pyramids." |
Here's reasonable medical care
Costa Rica's world class medical specialists are at your command. Get the top care for much less than U.S. prices. It is really a great way to spend a vacation. See our list of recommended professionals HERE!amcr-prom
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2015 and may
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A.M. Costa Rica's Fifth
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| Chechnya leader rallies country against cartoons By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Hundreds of thousands of people in the Russian Muslim region of Chechnya gathered in the regional capital Grozny Monday to protest against caricatures of Islam's Prophet Muhammad. Chechnya's Interior Ministry said more than a million people attended the demonstration. Earlier Monday, the Russian Interior Ministry had estimated the number of attendees at more than 800,000. The republic's population is around 1.3 million. Before the rally, Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov urged people to attend to protest against what he called "the vulgarity, immorality, lack of culture, and the shamelessness of those who drew the caricatures of the Prophet." Earlier this month, gunman attacked the offices of the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo in Paris, killing 12 people. The killings were said to be retaliation for the publication's depictions of Muhammad. Some of the Chechen protesters Monday carried signs reading "Hands off the Prophet Muhammad," Addressing the crowd, Kadyrov declared “If needed, we are ready to die to stop anyone who thinks that you can irresponsibly defile the name of the Prophet." He accused European journalists and politicians of proclaiming "the freedom to be vulgar, rude and insult the religious feelings of hundreds of millions of believers" under what he called "false slogans about freedom of speech and democracy." The Chechen leader also told the crowds it was possible that the authorities and special services of Western countries were behind the Paris attacks as a way to spark a new wave of recruiting for the Islamic State group. In October, Kadyrov alleged that the Islamic State was acting "on orders from the West and deliberately exterminating Muslims." Two days after the killings in Paris, Kadyrov accused the chief editor of a liberal radio station of inciting anti-Muslim hatred after its Web site asked readers to vote on whether publications should print caricatures of the Prophet Muhammad in response to the Charlie Hebdo killings. He also called Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the former oil tycoon and long-time critic of President Vladimir Putin, a personal enemy and an enemy of all the world's Muslims after Khodorkovsky called for the publication of Muhammad caricatures to protest the Paris killings. Kadyrov, who fought on the side of Chechen separatists in the 1990s, is now one of Putin's most vigorous supporters. The Kremlin leader appointed Kadyrov president of Chechnya in 2007. Since then he has ruled Chechnya with an iron hand, and also has been accused of widespread human rights violations. While he has fought against radical Islamist insurgents in the region, the Chechen leader has adopted some Islamic customs as laws. Among these is order a requirement that women must wear headscarves in public. Canadian troops engage Islamic State fighters By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Canadian special forces have engaged with Islamic State fighters in ground combat in Iraq, in what their commander says was the first time they had taken and returned fire. Brig. Gen. Michael Rouleau, commander of the special forces, said Monday the engagement took place in the past week when the Canadian soldiers, who had been training Iraqi forces, took them to the front line to visualize what they had been discussing. Rouleau said his forces came under immediate and effective mortar and machine gun fire and that the Canadians responded by neutralizing the Islamic State positions. The general said it was a matter of self-defense. Western nations, including the United States, involved in the air campaign against the Islamic State had vowed not to engage in ground combat. Canada, like others, said its forces stationed in Iraq were there to advise and train Iraqi forces to do battle with the Islamic State. Pope warns Catholics to avoid being rabbits By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Pope Francis says that just because the Catholic Church bans artificial contraceptives, it does not mean Catholics have to breed like rabbits. Flying back to Rome Monday from his week-long visit to Asia, Francis, in an airborne news conference, said the church promotes responsible parenthood and natural methods of birth control. He spoke of meeting a woman in Manila who is pregnant with her eighth child after giving birth seven times by Caesarian section. That, he said, was irresponsible parenting. But the pontiff objected to what he called ideological colonization of the family and developing world. It’s wrong to impose progressive, Western notions about birth control and gay rights, especially as a precondition of development aid, Francis was reported as saying. The pope also expanded on his recent remarks about freedom of expression following Islamist extremists’ deadly Jan. 7 attacks on Charlie Hebdo, a Paris satirical news magazine that has caricatured religious figures including the Islamic religion’s Prophet Muhammad. In the face of perceived insults, "in theory, we should say what is said in the Bible: that we should turn the other cheek. In theory, we can say that we have freedom to express ourselves," Francis said. But, he explained, some provocative expressions "risk receiving a reaction that isn’t correct." "Freedom of expression must take into consideration human reality and, therefore, I say it must be prudent," he concluded. Francis said he has tentative plans to travel to Bolivia, Ecuador, Paraguay, the Central African Republic and Uganda later this year. Vatican officials also have said Francis in September will visit three U.S. cities: Philadelphia, New York and Washington, D.C. Global unemployment seen increasing over next 5 years By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Global unemployment is likely to rise over the next five years, and the combination of increasing joblessness and widening inequalities could lead to growing turbulence in many societies, the International Labor Organization warns in a new report. The United Nations agency forecasts that more than 212 million people worldwide will be out of work by 2019, up from 201 million now. In “World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2015,” it said more than 61 million jobs have been lost since the global economic crisis started in 2008. It predicted the tepid recovery means unemployment levels will rise until the current decade’s end. A related new U.N. report anticipates modest economic growth worldwide over the next two years. A likely trigger for social unrest will be young people, between the ages of 15 and 24, who are three times more likely to be unemployed than adults, the labor organization’s report said. In 2014, youth unemployment was almost 13 percent. Labor organization research chief Raymond Torres said analyses by his organization and by others, such as the International Monetary Fund, showed an undeniable connection between social unrest and the labor market. "There is a link between inequalities and the ability for economies to rebound, to recover," Torres said. "In high inequality countries, it is more difficult to rebound than in low inequality countries." Social unrest has increased in tandem with the rising unemployment rate, now reaching a level almost 10 percent higher than when the crisis began in 2008. Disparities in employment and income also feed distrust of governments, the reports said. Extreme poverty affects 1 in 10 workers. Some 319 million workers, or one out of 10 globally, earn less than $1.25 a day and live in extreme poverty, said the organization’s director-general, Guy Ryder. "Though those figures have come down in recent years, the rate of decline has been retarded quite significantly in the period of the crisis," Torres said. But Ryder also offered a bright spot. "The global middle class continues to grow," he said, saying its members now make up 34 percent of workers in the developing world, up from 20 percent in the 1990s. The labor organization’s report found that employment rates have improved in the United States while unemployment remains high in many advanced economies, particularly in Europe. It noted that three-quarters of the world’s vulnerable employees, those who are self-employed or are unpaid family workers, are in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest rate of working poverty and vulnerable employment across all regions, the report observed. It said the ebola epidemic in West Africa has taken a significant toll on Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. The employment outlook has deteriorated in the Arab region and parts of Latin America and the Caribbean, the report said. It projected employment prospects in many advanced economies and several Asian countries may improve if the steep decline in oil and gas prices continues. But, it said, labor markets will suffer in oil- and gas-producing countries, especially in Latin America, Africa and the Arab region. Richest 1 percent said to own half the wealth By the A.M. Costa Rica
wire
services
The richest 1 percent of people in the world will have a majority of the wealth on the planet next year, according to development nonprofit Oxfam. The most affluent’s share of global wealth climbed to 48 percent in 2014, compared with 44 percent in 2009, and will likely pass 50 percent in 2016, Oxfam said. The report was released Monday ahead of the annual World Economic Forum meeting this week in Davos, Switzerland. Oxfam warned that the 'explosion in inequality is holding back the fight against global poverty at a time when one in nine people do not have enough to eat and more than a billion people still live on less than $1.25 a day. The report said the 80 wealthiest people in the world own $1.9 trillion, nearly the same amount shared by the 3.5 billion people at the bottom half of the world's income scale. The international agency's executive director Winnie Byanyima, who will co-chair the Davos event, plans to use her position at the meeting to call for urgent action to stem this rising tide of inequality. In order to curb extreme inequality, Oxfam is calling upon states to tackle tax evasion, improve public services, tax capital rather than labor and introduce living minimum wages, among other measures. U.S. hacked computers in North Korea, paper says By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Media reports say the United States infiltrated North Korea's computer systems years ago and used this capability to determine Pyongyang was responsible for the recent cyber attack on Sony Pictures. The New York Times has quoted U.S. and foreign intelligence officials as saying Washington gained access to North Korean computers in late 2010 using custom malware. The Times said U.S. spies "drilled into the Chinese networks that connect North Korea to the outside world, picked through connections in Malaysia favored by North Korean hackers and penetrated directly into the North with the help of South Korea and other American allies." Officials told the Times the U.S. infiltration into North Korean networks was crucial in persuading President Barack Obama to publicly accuse Pyongyang of carrying out the November cyber attack on Sony. Even after the U.S. accusation, there was widespread skepticism in the cyber security community about whether North Korea really hacked Sony. Many analysts said the United States did not provide enough public evidence for this charge. Computer scientist and North Korea watcher with NKNews.Org. Frank Feinstein says these doubts likely explain why U.S. officials felt the need to acknowledge hacking into North Korean systems. News the United States had gained access to North Korean computers was a surprise to many. Since North Korea is largely disconnected from the global Internet, it has long been regarded as one of the world's toughest cyber intelligence targets. Last week, German magazine Der Spiegel published National Security Agency documents showing the United States used South Korean computers to hack Pyongyang's computers. But Florian Egloff with the Center for Doctoral Training in Cyber Security at the University of Oxford says North Korean officials were probably not among those surprised at the development. "North Korea knows that it is one of the top intelligence priorities of the U.S., so they have to assume the U.S. is spying on them," says Egloff. It is unclear why the attack was not able to be prevented or why Sony officials were not warned of an impending hacking attempt, if U.S. officials were already watching North Korean computers. Egloff says that depends on how closely the United States was monitoring the North's systems. "Were they actually watching, in the sense, was there a human being looking at that attack and trying to make an assessment in how bad is this going to get, or yes, we had sensors in place that picked up this attack among many other things that were going on, and in hindsight we were able to go back to it?" U.S. officials told the Times they "couldn't really understand the severity of the destruction" that would be coming when they first noticed the attacks on Nov. 24. Later analysis led to the determination that North Korean hackers spent more than two months familiarizing themselves with Sony's computer networks and locating critical files before the attack was carried out. The attack brought down Sony's networks for several days and also resulted in the release of a large trove of corporate emails, private employee information, and four unreleased movies. North Korea denies involvement in the attack, but a Pyongyang government spokesman said the hacking was a righteous deed that may have been carried out by North Korea supporters. But last year North Korean officials said they would view it as an act of war if Sony released "The Interview," a comedy film about a fictional CIA plot to assassinate North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. Citations of classic films cataloged by frequency By the A.M. Costa Rica wire services
Nominations for the 2015 Academy Awards were announced last week. And while they may be among the best movies of the year, how many will survive the test of time to become all-time classics? Many movie goers would expect such factors such as a film’s box-office revenue, awards, and critical acclaims to be most significant. But, researchers at Northwestern University in Illinois came up with a new way to accurately predict true classic and significant movies from others. Reporting their findings in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers noted the frequency a particular film is referenced in other works — such as other movies or TV programs – is key. “Movie critics can be overconfident in spotting important works, and they have bias,” said Luís Amaral, the leader of the study in a Northwestern press release. “Our method is as objective as it gets.” Amaral is a professor of chemical and biological engineering at Northwestern and is co-director the university’s Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems. In their study, Amaral and his colleagues sifted through the on-line Internet Movie Database and reviewed the entries of some 15,425 movies that were produced in the United States. The researchers developed an automated method that thoroughly analyzed various subjective factors contained within the entries such as reviews from critics or if it had garnered any notable awards – Golden Globe and Academy Awards – as well as objective factors such as box office receipts and how often the film was cited in the future. The Northwestern researchers found that their method of tallying how many times a movie was cited in other works was better at forecasting classic movies — especially those at least 25 years old – than other factors such a critical praise, awards and even box office receipts. “There is something about a movie that is hidden to us, but there are measurable things, such as critic ratings, awards and referencing by other filmmakers, that hint at this hidden element — a movie’s significance,” said Amaral. “We find that ultimately it is the creators, the filmmakers themselves, who will determine which movies are important, not the expert critics.” The researchers also found that the number of times a particular movie is referenced in other works can also predict its likelihood of being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant enough to be included in the prestigious U.S. National Film Registry. The movies that had the most references over a period of many years and are also listed in the National Film Registry are “The Wizard of Oz,” “Star Wars,” “Psycho,” “Casablanca” and “Gone With the Wind.” “Directors keep coming back to movies that are significant,” Amaral said. “If you show a little bit from 'Pscyho,' such as referencing the shower scene, you are putting that whole movie in front of the viewer of the new movie.” The Northwestern research team is planning to use its newly developed automated analysis method to determine the true importance of various scientific papers, paintings and music. |
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| From
Page 7: Efforts against money laundering under review By the
A.M. Costa Rica staff
International evaluators are expected to put a close eye on the Costa Rican banking system to see if it is protected against money laundering. The evaluators are from the Grupo de Acción Financiera de Latinoamérica, said the Asociación Bancaria Costarricense Monday. Local bankers are expected to explain to the evaluation team the procedures they have instituted to prevent money laundering for terrorist groups, the banker announcement said. Also participating in the discussions will be the Unidad de Inteligencia Financiera of the Instituto Costarricense sobre Drogas and other agencies. The country's efforts will be compared against international standards over the next few days. Coincidentally, judicial investigators detained three bank employees in Quepos last Thursday on the allegation that they were slipping amounts under $10,000 into the banking system on behalf of a major depositor. The employees were accused of using false names to do so. The amount involved was about $200,000 agents said. Amounts under $10,000 do not require reports to regulating agencies. |
